从明代书目看古琴文献的收藏与流传——兼论明人琴学观念的多元

Looking at the Collection and Transmission of Guqin Literature from the Bibliographies in the Ming Dynasty: Short Discussion on Multi-concepts of Guqin Players in the Ming Dynasty

书目对某类书籍的著录,很大程度上反映着此类图书在历史上收藏、流传及递嬗的情况,而书目对其部类的安排则体现了编目者在相关领域所持有的学术观念。从明代官修书目来看,在众多官方藏书机构中,仅内阁藏有琴书,其所藏多为宋元旧籍的琴书汇编,这一方面表明明代官方藏书机构具有"贵古贱今"的意识,另一方面说明琴书在宋元时期经历了化零为整的汇编与整合。从私撰书目来看,民间收藏的琴书多为本朝新编,偶有为官方所失收的宋元珍本,而被著录的明人新编不仅生动地反映出明代琴书编刻的盛行,而且从一个侧面折射出明代琴坛的潮流与风尚。此外,在明代书目中,琴书的部次归属十分驳杂,而这恰恰反映了明人琴学观念的多元。

Bibliographies of a certain kind of books largely reflect the history of their collection,transmission and evolution,while the arrangement of bibliographies for a certain kind reflects the academic thoughts of catalogers in the relevant fields.Taking the official bibliographies of the Ming dynasty,only cabinet ministry collects Guqin books among many official libraries,whose collections are mainly compilation of Guqin books from the Song and Yuan dynasties.On one hand,it shows the official libraries of Ming dynasty had a concept of"privileged ancient and cheap present";on the other hand,it shows Guqin books have an experience of compilation and integration in the Song and Yuan dynasties.According to the private bibliographies,most of the private collections of Guqin books are newly complied in the Ming dynasty,and occasionally,some are rare copies of the Song and Yuan dynasties which are not collected by the government.The new edition of Guqin books in the Ming dynasty not only vividly reflects the popularity of Guqin,but also reflects the trend and fashion of Guqin.In addition,the division of Guqin books is very mixed in the bibliographies of the Ming dynasty,which exactly reflects the multi-concepts of Guqin study.