作为典型合同之服务合同的未来——再论服务合同典型化之必要性和可行性

The Future of Service Contract as a Typical Contract A Re-exploration of the Necessity and Feasibility of Service Contract’s Typification

典型合同的取舍标准,不仅在于该类合同的社会经济重要程度,还在于其区别于其他典型合同的异质性。现有合同法规则及典型合同类型不能有效适用于服务合同,我国民法典有必要将服务合同作为典型合同予以规定。中国民法学的发展、裁判实践的丰富性、比较法上的先例以及合同立法技术的发展,使得服务合同一般规则的设计也具有可行性。在具体立法模式上,可以采用以服务合同一般规则统领各类具体服务类合同的立法模式。在具体规则设计上,可以以服务提供人和服务受领人之间的权利义务关系为中心来构建规则。

Because of the meaning and function of typical contracts, what makes a contract a typical contract depends not only on the importance of the contract in society and economy, but also on its difference from other typical contracts. The current rules of contract law and other typical contracts cannot be effectively applied to service contract, so it is necessary for our civil code to regulate service contract as a typical contract.The development of Chinese theory of civil law, the abundance of judgment practice, precedents of comparative law and development in legislation techniques of contract law make it feasible to design general rules of service contract. As for specific legislation mode, general rules of service contract can be adopted to lead specific service contract. The design of specific rules can center on the legal relation between service provider and service receiver.