“心灵”概念图像的多样性:出土文献中的“心”之诸说

The Diversity of the Concept of the “Heart”: Theories of the “Heart” in Excavated Texts

从对外在超自然神灵和规范的信仰到对人的道德能力和主体的自觉,人的自我和“心灵”概念在东周特别是在战国子学中,被充分关注、思考和认知。出土文献尤其是上博简《凡物流形》、清华简《心是谓中》、郭店简《性自命出》(又见题名为《性情论》的上博简)和马王堆帛书《五行》(经文又见郭店简)等文本则提供了有关“心灵”概念的新文献,结合传世文献进行探讨和比较,就呈现出了早期中国“心灵”概念图像的丰富性和多样性。

The concepts of the human self and of the“heart”,which are particularly essential in the zi xue(子学)of the Warring States period,became visible and significant in the shift from belief in supernatural gods and norms to consciousness of human moral ability and subjectivity during the Eastern Zhou dynasty.Excavated texts,especially“the change and formation of things”(《凡物流形》)from the Shangbo bamboo slips(上博简),“the heart is the Mean”(《心是谓中》)from the Tsinghua bamboo slips(清华简),and“the self-appointed nature”(《性自命出》)from the Guodian bamboo slips(郭店简)(see also“the theory of human nature”([DK]《性情论》)from the Shangbo bamboo slips),and“the five virtues”(《五行》)from the Mawangdui silk texts(马王堆帛书)(which also appears in the Guodian bamboo slips),provide new insights into the concept of the“heart.”This study reveals the richness and diversity of the concept of the“heart”in early China with the aid of the received texts.