美国联邦调查局与新左派运动的衰落——以“学生争取民主社会组织”为中心

The FBI Surveillance and the Decline of the New Left Movement

“学生争取民主社会组织”是美国新左派运动重要组织之一,在20世纪60年代初期积极参与民权运动和民主政治改革。随着国际国内形势变化,尤其是越南战争不断升级,该组织在60年代中期从追求体制内政治改革转向反战运动和反权威、反体制、反主流文化运动,甚至暴力对抗权力部门。美国联邦调查局以国家安全为由,借反苏反共的冷战话语和维护美国传统价值信念之名,对“学生争取民主社会组织”实行全面监控,并于1968年启动“反谍计划”,通过渗透、误导舆论、心理战、法律骚扰等手段破坏和消解该组织的活动和影响力。这在一定程度上对60年代末“学生争取民主社会组织”走向衰落起了推波助澜的作用。美国联邦调查局对新左派等国内持不同政见者的打压,体现了美国国家权力与公民个人自由之间的矛盾和冲突。

‘Students for a Democratic Society’(SDS)is one of the most important organizations of the New Left Student Movement.It actively participated in the civil rights movement of the black people in the South of America and the democratic political reforms in the early 1960s.With the changes of the international and domestic situation,especially the escalation of the Vietnam War,the pursuit of SDS gradually shifted from the political reform within the system to the anti-war movement and the movement of anti-authority,anti-system and counterculture,even the more violent confrontation,in the mid-1960s.With an excuse of defending the national security,the Federal Bureau of Investigation(FBI)carried out a comprehensive surveillance on SDS in the name of‘anti-communism’and safeguarding the Americanism by virtue of infiltration,psychological tactics and legal harassment,and other illegal means.In 1968,FBI launched a‘Counter-Intelligence Program’against SDS,attempting to‘expose,split and neutralize the New Left’.The surveillance of FBI played a role in promoting the decline of SDS.The crackdown of FBI on domestic dissidents reflects the conflicts and contradictions between the state of power and the right of freedom granted to ordinary citizens by the Constitution of the United States.