面向农产品交易流程的多链式区块链应用技术研究

Multi-blockchain application technology for agricultural products transaction

区块链技术由于其分布式存储、交易信息透明、可追溯性强等特点,同中国农产品交易体系具有很好的互补性和适用性,应用前景广阔。然而中国的农产品交易体系又具有产品多样性,交易流程复杂性,用户群体的广泛性、分散性,隐私保护性等特点,为区块链技术在中国的农产品交易信息体系中的应用造成了很多现实困难。针对以上问题,本研究采用联盟链的设计思想,提出了包括农产品交易信息链、用户信息链、农产品信息链的多链式农产品交易信息区块链应用技术。农产品信息链提供农产品的详细信息,并保证信息的可追溯性和不可篡改性。在用户信息链中引入区块链节点准入机制,为农产品交易平台提供实名制凭证登记与管理功能。交易信息链记录所有交易智能合约的处理结果,通过加入通道技术,实现不同交易信息的相互隔离,可满足交易信息和用户数据的隐私保护和交易数据的快速处理。通过智能合约对交易利润进行自动分成,提高执行效率,降低交易成本。最终建立透明、高效、适用性强的农产品交易区块链架构。

Agriculture of China is a typical agricultural system of small producer and large market, producers are too scattered.Agricultural foundation remains weak in the vast rural areas, especially poverty-stricken areas. Blockchain technology has good complementarity and applicability with China’s agricultural products trading system, because of its distributed storage, transaction information transparency and product information traceability. However, the agricultural product trading system has characteristics of product diversity, commercial process complexity, user group widespread, decentralized, privacy protection and so on. It is difficult to apply the traditional blockchain technology directly to China’s agricultural products trading information network. In view of the above problems, the design idea of alliance chain was adopted, and the technology of multi-chain agricultural product transaction information, which includes transaction information blockchain, user information blockchain and agricultural products information blockchain was put forward. The product information blockchain provided the detailed information of agricultural products and guarante that the traceability and non-tamperability of the information. The blockchain node access mechanism was introduced in the user information chain to provide real-name voucher registration and management functions for the agricultural product trading platform. The transaction information blockchain recorded the results of all transaction smart contracts, and through the addition of channel technology, different transaction information could be isolated from each other, which could meet the privacy protection of transaction information and user data and the rapid processing of transaction data.The profit of the transaction was automatically divided by the smart contract, which improved the efficiency of execution and reduces the transaction cost. Finally, a transparent, efficient and applicable blockchain framework for agricultural product transactions was established.