基于北斗系统的大田智慧农业精准服务体系构建

Development of precision service system for intelligent agriculture field crop production based on BeiDou system

农机精确导航技术正在中国大田种植领域规模化应用,但农机精准作业技术和农业生产精细管理技术的应用仍进展缓慢,精准农业技术、装备与服务体系尚未完成构建,节本增效和节能环保等农业生产目标的实现仍缺乏技术手段。随着物质、能量和信息三要素的不断融合,智能农机系统呼之欲出,将为农业生产提供安全、高效和科学的解决方案。基于智能农机系统的特点、中国农机社会化服务的特征及农业财政补贴的现状,本研究以节本增效和节能环保为主要目标,围绕农业生产组织、农机服务组织和农业主管部门等农机生产作业的核心参与者,融合农机社会化服务和农机精准化服务,建立了中国农机社会化精准服务体系。该体系预期可精确监测农机作业面积和肥药施用量等基本作业参数,可作为社会化服务结算和作业补助发放的精准依据。本研究为实现肥药双减等目标、帮助国家有关农业补贴政策调整和促进中国精准农业技术的全面应用提供了解决思路和技术手段。

Precision navigation technology of agricultural machinery is being applied on a large scale for field crop production in China. The technology can reduce labor cost, improve working quality, and extend working time. However, the precision application technology of agricultural machinery and precision management technology of agricultural production are still slow in development. The technology, equipment, and service system of precision agriculture have not been completely developed yet in China. There is still a lack of scientific and technical means to achieve the main objectives of cost saving, efficiency improvement, energy saving, and environmental protection in crop production. With the integration of material, energy, and information,intelligent agricultural machinery system is being developed to provide a safer, more efficient, and more scientific solution for agricultural production. In view of the characteristics of intelligent agricultural machinery system, the characteristics of socialized service of agricultural machinery in China, and the status quo of agricultural financial subsidies, this paper puts forward an idea that to develop a socialized precision service system of agricultural machinery, in order to achieve cost saving, efficiency improvement, energy saving, and environmental protection for crop production. The system includes the core participants in agricultural machinery production operations, such as agricultural production organizations, agricultural machinery service organizations, related agriculture management authorities, and the third-party data management service organization. The key technologies for the system include the intelligent gateway technology of agricultural machinery, the variable controlling and measurement technology of fertilizer and chemical, the big data management service technology, and the technology of professional application service platform. During the field operation, the agricultural machinery can control the application of fertilizer or chemical according the prescription map and send the data of position and flow to the database belongs to the third-party organization designated by the government. Therefore, the construction of this system can be used as a basis for the social services and the granting of subsidies. The government can set related standards of application of fertilizer or chemical, and pay the subsidies for the machinery operation according to the operating area when the farmers achieve the standards, which may encourage the farmers to adopt the advanced technology to save fertilizer and chemical. The study provides solutions and technical means to achieve the goal of reducing both fertilizer and chemicals, to adjust of the state’s relevant agricultural subsidy policies, and to promote the comprehensive application of China’s precision agricultural technology.