地球中的流体和穿越层圈构造

GEOFLUIDS AND ACROSS EARTH SPHERE STRUCTURES

地球中的流体是当前科学研究的重点。从地球科学的角度来说,流体应包括气体、液体(水和石油)、熔体和地球中受应力作用而移动的物体。在半经为6378 km的固体地球中可分为7个层圈。目前对地球内部流体的了解很少,为探索流体在各层圈中的成分,物理化学性质和分布,以现阶段对地球层圈和流体研究程度来看,其重点应放在地球中穿越层圈的构造部分和地壳。地球中穿越层圈的构造主要有三个:板块构造的俯冲带是由上到下的穿越层圈构造,向下俯冲的大洋岩石圈可以抵达地幔过渡带;大洋中脊的扩张引起的由下而上的穿越层圈构造,使岩石圈和地幔的熔流体从下向上运移;地幔柱引起的由下而上的穿越层圈构造,使地幔的熔流体从下向上迁移。通过对三个穿越层圈构造和地壳中流体的研究,可以得出地壳、岩石圈、上地幔、过渡带、下地幔和核幔边界层流体的种类和成分、流动和演化。这是至今为至能鉴定到地球中深部流体的方法。这四个方面的研究是当前地球中流体科学研究的重点,并对开展深部找矿有实际意义。

Geofluids are the focus of current geosciences research, which should include gas, liquid(water and petroleum), magmatic melt and moving matter moved under geostress. There are seven spheres inside the earth within the radius of 6378 km. The fluids in interior earth were less understood, since it is too deep too see. To understand the fluids in earth’s interior, it is necessary through the across sphere structures which include: subduction zone which fluids from ocean crust through up the lithosphere and asthenosphere to mantle;deep fluids through mid-ocean ridge to the crust;mantle plume bringing melt and fluid to the crust. Through the study of the fluids in three across sphere structures, the composition, distribution of the fluids in crust, lithosphere, asthenosphere, upper and lower mantle have been learned. This is the important way to know the fluids in deep earth, as well as the crust.