全舍饲卷帘奶牛舍CO2和NH3全年动态变化规律研究

Dynamic Changes of Carbon Dioxide and Ammonia in Housed Cowshed with Rolling Curtain for Whole Year

为了研究全舍饲卷帘奶牛舍有害气体的季节动态变化和日变化规律,试验测定了一个自然年度(12个月)二氧化碳(CO2)和氨气(NH3)的浓度。结果表明:全年舍内CO2和NH3浓度范围分别为440~1 505 mg/m3和0~5.2 mg/m3,且表现出一定的季节性变化,春、夏、秋、冬舍内CO2浓度分别为601、498、775和1 303 mg/m^3,NH3浓度分别为1.6、0.8、0.5和3.0 mg/m^3,冬季2种气体浓度显著高于其他3个季节(P<0.05);而从2种气体的日变化来看,全年各月份舍内CO2浓度均表现为早、晚显著高于中午(P<0.05),可达中午的1.2~2.2倍,尤其是1月份,早、晚浓度分别高达2036.2和1540.8 mg/m^3,已超出国家标准;NH3浓度表现为夜晚(20:00~7:00)高于白天(8:00~19:00),两者差异显著(P<0.05)。虽然全年各月舍内CO2和NH3浓度基本未超标(1月份CO2除外),但在冬春季应适当通风,以改善牛舍环境。

The study was to evaluate the seasonal and diurnal dynamics distribution of carbon dioxide(CO2) and ammonia(NH3) through investigating concentrations of two kinds of gases in the cowshed with rolling curtain for a whole year(12 months). The results showed that the indoor CO2 and NH3 concentrations ranged from 440 to 1 505 mg/m3 and from 0 to 5.2 mg/m3, respectively throughout the year, and some seasonal changes were also observed. The indoor concentrations of two gases in winter was higher(P<0.05) than other three seasons, reaching 1 303 mg/m3 for CO2 and 3.0 mg/m3 for NH3, while indoor CO2 concentrations were 601 mg/m3 in spring, 498 mg/m3 in summer, and 775 mg/m^3 in autumn, and indoor NH3 concentrations in above three seasons were 1.6, 0.8, and 0.5 mg/m^3, respectively. Besides, the daily dynamic distribution of the two gases demonstrated that the CO2 concentration in the morning and evening were higher(P<0.05) than that at noon for each month, with 1.2~2.2 times greater in the morning and evening than that at noon. Particularly in January, the CO2 was 2036.2 and 1540.8 mg/m3 in the morning and evening, respectively,exceeding the national standard. The NH3 concentration for all months demonstrated that the NH3 was higher(P<0.05) in the night(from 20:00 to 7:00) than that in the daytime(from 8:00 to 19:00). Although the annual CO2 and NH3 concentrations in the cowshed have not exceeded the national standard(except for CO2 concentration in January), the suitable ventilation in cowshed would be taken into account to improve ambient quality in winter and spring.