家人参与健康教育对老年2型糖尿病患者转归及并发症发生率的影响

Effects of family-participated health education on the outcome and the incidence rate of complications in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

目的 探究家人参与健康教育对老年2型糖尿病转归及并发症发生率的影响。方法 选取自2014年3月至2016年5月登记的患有2型糖尿病的老年患者130例作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将其随机分为A组(常规健康教育干预)和B组(家人参与的健康教育干预)。观察2组患者干预前和干预后1年血糖指标变化、健康知识得分达标率、健康行为得分达标率、遵医行为和自我护理行为评价以及并发症发生率。结果 2组患者干预后血清FPG、2hPG、HbA1c均显著改善,且B组显著优于A组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。A组患者健康知识得分达标率和健康行为得分达标率为69.2%,56.9%显著低于B组87.7%和84.6%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组患者在干预后检查依从性、治疗依从性、保健依从性以及自我护理行为评分均显著高于干预前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);B组患者在干预后各项依从性指标显著高于A组同时期评分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。A组患者干预后1年内并发症发生情况与B组相比,差异有统计学意义(Z=16.918,P=0.001),且B组优于A组。结论 家人参与的健康教育能够显著改善老年2型糖尿病患者血糖水平,提高患者对健康知识的掌握程度和健康行为的达标率,同时改善患者的遵医行为和自我护理行为,减少并发症发生率,值得推广。

Objective To investigate the effects of family-participated health education on the outcome and the incidence rate of complications in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods A total of 130 elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were treated in our hospital from March 2014 to May 2016 were enrolled in the study,who were randomly divided into group A (conventional health education intervention) and group B (family-participated health education intervention) according to random number table method.The changes of blood glucose levels,health knowledge score compliance rate,health behavior score compliance rate,compliance with medical behavior and self-care behavior evaluation,complication rate before and after intervention were observed and compared between the two groups, moreover, the incidence rates of complications were also observed.Results After intervention,the serum levels of FPG,2hPG,HbA1c were significantly improved in both groups,moreover,which in group B were significantly better than those in group A (P<0.05).The health knowledge score compliance rate and health behavior score compliance rate in group A were 69.2%,56.9%,respectively,which were significantly lower than those (87.7% and 84.6%) in group B (P<0.05). After intervention,the examination compliance,treatment compliance,health compliance and self-care behavior scores in both groups were significantly higher than those before intervention (P<0.05),moreover,which in group B were significantly higher than those in group A (P<0.05). In addition the incidence rate of complications within one year after intervention in group A was superior to that in group A (P<0.01).Conclusion The family-participated health education can significantly improve blood glucose levels in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus,improve their knowledge of health knowledge and compliance with health behaviors,improve patient’s compliance and self-care behavior,and reduce the incidence of complications,therefor, which is worthy of promotion in clinical practice.