乌鲁木齐大气污染物变化特征及综合评价

Characteristics and Comprehensive Evaluation of Atmospheric Pollutants in Urumqi

随着经济发展和城市化速度加快,大气污染已经成为区域性环境问题,基于2001~2018年乌鲁木齐市城市空气质量监测数据,选取SO 2、NO 2、PM 103种常规大气监测污染物作为乌鲁木齐大气环境体系评价指标,利用AHP层次分析法,建立大气污染物层次构造模型,对乌鲁木齐市大气环境质量作出综合评价。结果表明:乌鲁木齐市大气2001~2014年期间环境质量为三级,2015~2018年环境质量为二级,大气污染物权重排序为:煤改气前PM 10>SO 2>NO 2,煤改气后PM 10>NO 2>SO 2,说明乌鲁木齐市大气颗粒物占主要作用,“煤改气”能源结构调整使SO 2的浓度也有所降低,大气污染类型从以前的煤烟型污染向复合型污染逐渐转化。各年度大气质量优劣依次为2014~2018呈现逐年变好的趋势,2001~2013年有升高也有降低交替存在,整体评价与乌鲁木齐市环境质量状况公报公布的一致。表明大气环境质量改善趋势较明显,研究成果为探索乌鲁木齐市大气环境治理提供重要依据。

With the acceleration of economic development and urbanization,air pollution has become a regional environmental problem.Based on the urban air quality monitoring data of Urumqi from 2001 to 2018,three conventional atmospheric monitoring pollutants,SO 2,NO 2 and PM 10 were selected as the evaluation indexes of Urumqi atmospheric environment system.The AHP analytic hierarchy process was used to establish a hierarchical structure model to make a comprehensive evaluation of the atmospheric environmental quality in Urumqi.The results showed that the environmental quality of Urumqi City during the period of 2001~2014 was Grade III,and the environmental quality was Grade II in 2015-2018.The weights of atmospheric pollutants were ranked as follows:PM 10>SO 2>NO 2 before turning coal into gas,PM 10>NO 2>SO 2 after turning coal into gas,indicating that particulate matter plays a leading role in air pollution in Urumqi.The energy structure adjustment of"coal to gas"played a positive role,reduced the concentration of SO 2,and the type of air pollution changed from the former coal-smoke pollution to composite pollution.The air quality of each year from 2014 to 2018 showed an increasing trend,while from 2001 to 2013,there was alternating increases and decreases.The overall evaluation is consistent with the announcement of the Urumqi Environmental Quality Status Bulletin.It shows that the improvement trend of atmospheric environmental quality is obvious,and the research results can provide theoretical basis for urban atmospheric environmental management in Urumqi.