火星探测器全任务期空间环境特征与防护要点

Space environment characteristics and key points in space environmental protection design for Mars probe mission

火星探测器任务期间依次经历近地环境、行星际环境和火星环境。文章分析了火星探测器从地球发射、地−火转移、火星环绕、直至着陆火星表面并进行巡视探测的任务全过程中的空间环境特征,并对比了火星探测器与地球卫星等面临的空间环境差异;结合火星探测器的任务特点,分析了探测器在不同任务阶段经历的电离总剂量、单粒子、内带电、太阳辐射、真空、火星大气与火星尘等空间环境剖面,提出了火星探测器的空间环境防护设计要点。

A Mars probe will be in the near Earth environment,the interplanetary environment and the Mars environment in turns.This paper analyzes the characteristics of the space environments in the whole process of the Mars exploration mission,including the launch stage,the Earth-Mars transfer stage,the Mars surrounding stage,and the landing and the ranging on the Martian surface,and compares them with the space environment encountered by Earth satellites.In view of the characteristics of the Mars missions,the space environmental effects such as the total ionizing dose effect,the single event effect,the deep dielectric charging,the solar irradiation and the low-pressure Martian atmosphere and the Martian dust are analyzed for different mission profiles.Key points in the space environmental protection design for the Mars probe are highlighted.