试论村落仪式生活的内在机理——以闽南善化村为例

A Discussion on the Internal Mechanism of Rural Sacred Life——Take Shanhua County in the Southern of Fujian Province as an Example

民间信仰是村落社会的基因,仪式是对传统的复活,是对村民生活路径的规制,是社区生活延续的保证。在善化村,房屋不仅是物理空间,更是信仰空间。其正厅神龛赋予房屋神圣的维度,界定了村民承祧成祖的人生主题。红白喜事代表着行动单位的更替,是新旧家庭交接的公共叙事。祭祖活动则是同宗共祖的家庭联合体的宣示,是社会网络的定期保养。在仪式生活中,家庭再生产的重要性被凸显,结婚和建房成为人生意义的标的物。人们的生命被嵌入到祖先的链条中,宗族社会实现再生产,安土重迁的社会风气被缔造。

The folk religion is the gene of the rural society.The ceremony is the revival of the tradition and the regulation of villagers’life path.It is also the guarantee of community life.Housing is not only a physical space,but also a belief space.The shrine in the main hall endows the house with a sacred dimension and defines the life theme of villagers becoming ancestors.Weddings and funerals represent the change of action units and are the public narration of the transition between old and new families.Ancestor worship is a declaration of the family association of the same clan and ancestor.It is the regular maintenance of the social network.In sacred life,the importance of family reproduction is highlighted.Marriage and building houses become the subject matter of life significance.People’s lives are embedded in the chain of ancestors,the patriarchal society realizes reproduction,and the social atmosphere of settling down and relocating again is created.