互联网企业的劳动不稳定性转移与应对——技术变迁与劳动控制

On the Shift of Precarious Work in Internet Enterprises and the Countermeasures

技术与资本主义劳动管理的关系一直是劳动研究的重点。传统劳动过程研究以工厂机器技术为模板,将资本生产看作静态、固定的劳动过程。随着信息技术产业的飞速发展,劳动过程中的不稳定性不断增强,传统劳动过程的研究框架面临挑战。面对技术变迁带来的编程劳动的不稳定性,互联网企业通过弹性工作制、项目组和绩效考核相结合的管理策略,将不稳定性转嫁到程序员身上。而程序员为了应对不稳定性不断提高自身技术能力的努力又会受到互联网企业的干预。在不稳定性的压力下,很多程序员采取向下流动的职业选择以规避不稳定性带来的焦虑。

The relationship between technology and capitalist labor management has always been the focus of labor research.Traditional labor process research used factory machine technology as a template and treated capitalist production as a static and fixed labor process.Since the 1980s,the information technology and information industries have developed rapidly,the technical capabilities of workers have increased,and the instability in the labor process has also increased.The research framework of traditional labor processes is facing challenges.This paper introduces the research perspective of precarious work,pointing out that in the face of the uncertainty of labor brought by technological changes,internet companies transfer the instability to the hands of the programmers through the combination of flexible work,project team and performance appraisal.In order to deal with the instability,programmers tried to improve their technical capabilities,which would be interfered by internet companies.Under the pressure of programming instability,many programmers adopt consciously downward mobility career choices.