牙周炎和骨质疏松症共同危险因素及相关机制研究进展

Research progress on the common risk factors and related mechanisms of periodontitis and osteoporosis

牙周炎是由牙菌斑生物膜引起的牙周组织的慢性感染性疾病。骨质疏松症是以骨组织量减少和微结构破坏为特征,导致骨折风险增加的一种常见代谢性骨病。近年来大量研究表明牙周炎和骨质疏松症之间存在一定的联系。本文就两者的流行病情况、共同危险因素、相关的生物学机制的研究进展进行综述。文献复习结果表明牙周炎和骨质疏松症两者可相互影响,与骨重塑和炎症有关的RANKL RANK OPG通路、多种细胞因子和激素都参与了两种疾病的过程,两者的共同危险因素有年龄增长、维生素D与钙的缺乏、吸烟等,但仍需进一步的研究来明确牙周炎和骨质疏松症之间相互作用的具体机制。

Periodontitis is a chronic infectious disease of periodontal tissue caused by plaque biofilm.Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone density and the microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissues,which leads to increased bone fragility and risk of fracture.Recent studies have indicated that there is a certain relation⁃ship between periodontitis and osteoporosis.This paper reviews the epidemiology,shared risk factors,and potential mechanisms of mutual impact between the two diseases.A literature review shows that periodontitis and osteoporosis can affect each other,and the RANKL⁃RANK⁃OPG pathway as well as a variety of cytokines and hormones involved in bone remodeling and inflammation are involved in both diseases.Common risk factors for periodontitis and osteoporosis include aging,vitamin D and calcium deficiency,and smoking,but further research is needed to determine the specific mechanism of interaction between periodontitis and osteoporosis.