滇池流域“一颗印”民居形式与功能变化——以昆明市海晏村为例

The Form and Function Change of “Yikeyin” Residence in Dianchi Lake Basin——A Case of Haiyan Village in Kunming

历史上,滇池流域的居民无论汉族还是少数民族,百姓都热衷于一颗印民居的建造和居住。因昆明市的气候和地理原因,这种四周以厚实高墙围合、山墙不开窗的围合院落非常适合滇中地区的居民居住。但是,随着滇中地区城市规模的发展,传统的一颗印民居被破坏得极其严重。以昆明市为例,能够找到传统一颗印民居的遗迹已经是比较困难的事情了,对传统滇中一颗印民居的保护和延续工作迫在眉睫。一颗印民居形成的历史悠久,本文将从历史演变、现今的功能结构变化,以及未来的留存措施方面进行阐述和研究,讨论一颗印民居在历史性与时代性中的演变过程和延续方法,研究当代一颗印民居适应城市发展所发生的功能结构的变化和未来延续的方法。

In history, the residents in Dianchi Basin, whether Han or other minority nationalities, are keen on the construction and residence of Yikeyin residence. Due to the natural climate and geographical reasons in Kunming, this kind of enclosed courtyard surrounded by thick and high walls with no windows on the gables is very suitable for the residents in central Yunnan. However, with the development of the city scale in central Yunnan, the traditional Yikeyin dwelling has been destroyed seriously. Taking Kunming as an example, it is difficult to find the remains of the traditional Yikeyin dwelling. It is urgent to protect and continue the traditional Yikeyin dwelling in central Yunnan. The formation of Yikeyin dwelling has a long history. This paper elaborates and studies the historical evolution, current changes in functional structure as well as future conservation measures of Yikeyin dwelling, discusses the evolution process and continuation methods of Yikeyin dwelling in the history and the times, and then puts forward the changes in functional structure and future continuation methods that Yikeyin dwelling will make so as to adapt to the development of the city.