20世纪之前西方住院护理单元的历史演进

The Historical Evolution of Western Nursing Units Before the Twentieth Century

住院护理单元是为住院患者提供手术后观察、治疗、恢复的疗愈场所,是现代医院的重要组成部分。目前国内对20世纪之前西方医院住院护理单元历史演进的研究并不多见,如护理单元在各个时期的平面类型是如何演化的,受到哪些因素的影响等,这些问题都值得从建筑学、医学发展史、科技史等方面进行深入探究。本文回顾了20世纪之前西方医院住院护理单元的主要平面形式及其历史发展,希望梳理出较为综合的医疗建筑护理单元的演化脉络。

Nursing unit is a healing place providing post-operative observation, treatment and recovery for inpatients. It is a necessary portion of a modern hospital. Currently, the research on the historical evolution of nursing units in the western hospitals before the 20 th century is still rare in China. The question of how the layouts of the nursing unit have evolved in each period and what factors have affected their evolution is worthy of in-depth exploration in terms of architecture, medical history, and history of science and technology. This paper reviews the main layout forms of nursing units and their development process before the 20 th century. The objective is to outline a comprehensive evolution history for nursing units of healthcare buildings.