河南省市售畜禽肉与水产品中重金属污染状况调查

Investigation on Heavy Metal Pollution Status of Livestock and Poultry Meat and Aquatic Products in Henan Province

目的了解河南省市售畜禽肉与水产品中重金属污染状况。方法2013—2014年在河南省18省辖市的商店(超市、便利店、专营店)、农贸市场和路边摊位等流通环节采集畜禽肉等6大类2575份样品,采用国家标准方法检测样品中铅、镉、总汞和总砷含量,按GB 2762-2017《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》统计超标情况;利用单因子污染指数、内梅罗综合污染指数和污染物分担率评价污染程度。结果2575份样品中,铅、镉、总汞、总砷的超标率分别为1.37%(19/1387)、0.86%(12/1397)、0.35%(3/855)、0.35%(3/855),检测平均值分别为0.0578、0.0566、0.00878、0.0703 mg/kg;单因子污染指数结果显示,铅在猪肉中的单因子污染指数最高,镉、总汞在牛肾中的单因子污染指数最高,总砷在海水鱼中的单因子污染指数最高;综合污染指数结果显示,海水鱼的重金属污染程度最高(PNemerow=0.810),其他类样品的综合污染指数均小于0.6。结论河南省市售畜禽肉与水产品中重金属污染程度总体较轻,重点关注猪肉中铅污染、海水鱼类中砷污染。

Objective To understand the status of heavy metal pollution in livestock and poultry meat and aquatic products sold in Henan Province.Methods From 2013 to 2014,2575 samples of 6 categories of livestock and poultry were collected in the circulation of supermarkets(supermarkets,convenience stores,franchised stores),farmer's markets and roadside stalls in 18 cities of Henan Province,using national standard methods.The content of lead,cadmium,total mercury and total arsenic in the sample is statistically exceeded according to GB 2762-2017"Food Safety National Standards for Contaminants in Foods";using single factor pollution index,Nemero comprehensive pollution index and pollutant sharing rate were used to evaluate the degree of pollution.Results The excess rates of lead,cadmium,total mercury and total arsenic in 2575 samples were 1.37%(19/1387),0.86%(12/1397),0.35%(3/855),and 0.35%(3/855),respectively.The values were 0.0578,0.0566,0.00878,0.0703 mg/kg,respectively.The results of single factor pollution index showed that the single factor pollution index of lead in pork was the highest,and the single factor pollution index of cadmium and total mercury in cattle kidney was the highest.The single factor pollution index was the highest in marine fish.The results of comprehensive pollution index showed that seawater fish had the highest level of heavy metal pollution(PNemerow=0.810),and the comprehensive pollution index of other samples was less than 0.6.Conclusion The level of heavy metal pollution in livestock and poultry and aquatic products sold in Henan Province is generally light,focusing on lead pollution in pork and arsenic pollution in marine fish.