摘要
【目的】比较研究塞罕坝地区华北落叶松人工林间伐和混交改造对大型土壤动物群落组成和多样性的影响,为实现华北落叶松人工林质量精准提升和可持续利用提供理论依据和技术支撑。【方法】以塞罕坝机械林场未经营的华北落叶松人工林(CK)、抚育间伐后的华北落叶松人工林(TH)和引入阔叶树的华北落叶松白桦混交林(M)为对象,于2014年5—9月,利用手拣法调查大型土壤动物群落,研究不同经营措施林分内土壤动物的结构组成、空间分布、多样性和功能群组成的差异及其影响因素。【结果】共获得大型土壤动物55类1405头,隶属2门4纲12目,优势类群为正蚓目、叶甲科幼虫、象甲科幼虫。总体上,经间伐和混交改造后华北落叶松人工林内大型土壤动物的类群数显著高于未经营的对照林分(P<0.05),TH内土壤动物密度亦显著高于CK(P<0.05)。不同经营措施林分大型土壤动物类群数均表现为沿土壤剖面位置上升逐渐增加的趋势,且M和TH凋落物层土壤动物类群数及0~10 cm土层土壤动物密度显著高于CK(P<0.05)。间伐和混交改造后,土壤动物群落各多样性指数均有提高,其中M的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H)显著高于CK(P<0.05)。各功能群中,植食性土壤动物所占比例(47.19%)最高,其次为腐食性土壤动物(33.31%);捕食性(19类)和植食性(18类)土壤动物的类群数居多;多因素方差分析显示,经营措施、土层和时间均对大型土壤动物功能群组成和结构影响显著(P<0.05),其中间伐和混交改造均可显著提高植食性土壤动物的类群数。冗余度分析(RDA)显示,凋落物全碳含量(P=0.03)和C/N(P=0.08)对凋落物层大型土壤动物分布影响显著;而土壤含水量(P=0.008)、pH(P=0.012)和土壤密度(P=0.062)对土壤层大型土壤动物分布影响显著。【结论】塞罕坝华北落叶松人工林经间伐和混交改造后,林分结构和微环境的改善可提高大型土壤动物的种类、数量和多样性水平,尤其是部分功能群种类增加可能更有利于凋落物早期的粉碎和分解。
【Objective】 The effects of thinning and mixed transformation of Larix principis-rupprechtii plantations in Saihanba on the communities and biodiversities of soil macro-fauna were comparatively investigated to provide a theoretical basis for the sustainable management of the regional plantations. 【Method】 In this experiment, three types of forests, including a unmanaged larch pure forest (CK), a thinning larch forest (TH) and a larch-birch mixed forest (M), were targeted. From May to September, 2014, the soil macro-faunal community was investigated by hand picking method to study the differences of structure composition, spatial pattern, biodiversity and functional groups composition of soil fauna in different managed forests and their influencing factors. 【Result】 A total of 1 405 soil macro-fauna were obtained and identified, and they belong to 2 phyla, 4 classes,12 orders, 55 groups. The dominant groups were Lumbricina, Curculionidae larvae and Chrysomelidae larvae. In general, the group number of soil macro-fauna in TH and M was significantly higher than that in CK (P < 0.05), and the density of soil fauna in TH was also significantly higher than that in CK (P < 0.05). The group number of soil macro-fauna showed a gradually increasing trend along the soil profile in the three forests. The group number of soil fauna in litter layers and the mean density in 0-10 cm soil layer in M and TH were significantly higher than those in CK. In addition, thinning and mixed transformation improved the diversity indices of soil macro-fauna, and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index of M was significantly higher than that of CK (P < 0.05). Among functional groups, phytophagous had the highest density (47.19%), followed by saprophagous (33.31%). Predatory (19) and phytophagous (18) had more group numbers. The results of multivariate analysis (MANOVA) showed that the management measures, soil layers and seasons significantly influenced the four functional groups composition (P < 0.05);in particular, thinning and mixed transformation significantly increased the group numbers of phytophagous. The results of redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that the distribution of soil macro-fauna in litter layer was significantly correlated with the organic carbon (P=0. 03) and C/N (P = 0.08). The soil macro-fauna in soil layers were significantly correlated with soil water content (P =0.008), pH (P = 0. 012) and soil bulk density (P=0. 062). 【Conclusion】 After thinning and mixed management, the changes in stand structure and microenvironments in the forest enhanced soil macro-faunal community structure and biodiversity, especially the increase of group numbers of functional groups may be more conducive to the early pulverization and decomposition of litter.
作者
扈梦梅
田龙
吴亚楠
杨晋宇
吕小翠
黄选瑞
Hu Mengmei;Tian Long;Wu Yanan;Yang Jinyu;Lü Xiaocui;Huang Xuanrui(College of Forestry,Agriculture University of Heibei,Baoding 071000;National Long-Term Scientific Research Base of Forest Cultivation in Saihanba of Hebei,Chengde 067000;Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources of Forest and Forest Protection of Hebei Province,Baoding 071000)
出处
《林业科学》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第11期153-162,共10页
Scientia Silvae Sinicae
基金
“十三五”国家重点研发计划项目课题“华北落叶松高效培育技术”(2017YFD0600403)
“十三五”国家重点研发计划项目专题“结构调控对人工林生产力形成的影响机制”
河北省自然科学基金项目(C2018204154)
国家自然科学基金项目(31971615)
关键词
大型土壤动物
群落结构
功能群
经营措施
华北落叶松人工林
soil macro-fauna
community structure
functional groups
management practices
Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation