制度压力与中小企业亲环境：先前经验的调节作用

中国经济的高速发展与工业化带来的生态破坏和污染问题,给中国政府高层和企业带来了严峻挑战。以往研究对中小企业的环境实践有所忽略。本文通过对509家中小企业的问卷调查,分析了制度压力对中小企业亲环境行为的影响,以及企业主先前经验如何调节制度压力的效力,发现强制压力、模仿压力和规范压力均对中小企业亲环境行为有显著积极促进作用,拥有更多行业经验和管理经验的企业更倾向于主动型的亲环境,而缺乏经验的企业则更依赖于强制压力和模仿压力的推动。最后,提出了继续完善环保法规体系和督察制度、构建企业间交流合作平台、扶持行业协会发展、投资于中小企业主的人力资本等建议。

The rapid development of China’s economy and the problems of ecological damage and pollution brought about by industrialization have posed severe challenges to Chinese government and enterprises.The environmental practice of small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs)has been neglected by previous research.Based on a survey of 509 SMEs,this paper analyses the impact of institutional pressure on the pro-environment behavior of SMEs and the moderate role of the previous experience of owner-manager.It is found that coercive pressure,mimetic pressure and normative pressure have significant positive effects on the pro-environment behavior.Enterprises with more industry experience and management experience tend to be more inclined to the pro-environment behavior,while inexperienced enterprises are more dependent on coercive pressure and mimetic pressure.Finally,some suggestions are put forward,such as continuing to improve the environmental protection laws and regulations system and supervision system,building a platform for exchanges and cooperation among enterprises,supporting the development of trade associations,and investing in human capital of SMEs’owners.