摘要
火地是紫禁城古建筑在冬天御寒的主要措施&它是一种地下供暖系统,主要由室外操作口%室内地下炉腔、地下烟道和出烟口组成&热量由地下往上传递,有利于保持室内空间在冬天的温暖&紫禁城古建筑的暖阁和火炕均为利用火地系统的热量而建造&除了火地系统外,紫禁城古建筑厚重的屋顶及墙体%起翘的屋檐、多重宫墙等措施均有利于建筑本身的防寒&有关于紫禁城内有“火墙”的说法,缺乏事实依据.
The fire underground was the main cold-proof measure in the Forbidden City in winter.It was a type of ground heeting system composed of outdoor operation hole,indoor underground stove,underground flue and venthole.For the system,the heet was transferred from underground to ground,which helped to keep the rooms warm in winteo Some greenhouses and heeted kang in the Forbidden Citt wero built by using the heat of the fire underground system.Otheo cold-proof meesures in the Forbidden Cite included thick roof and wait,crooked eeve,multipte palace waits and soon.B sidEs,thEeiwthatthEwaesin thEFoobiddEn Citsw o hoeowfootoansf oinghEatwaswoong.
作者
周乾
ZHOU Qian(Institute of Gugong Studies,Palace Museum,Beijing 100009,China)
出处
《工业建筑》
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第11期195-199,187,共6页
Industrial Construction
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(51878182)
关键词
紫禁城
古建筑
御寒
火地
the Forbidden Cite
ancient building
ccld-proof
fire underground
