旅游开发对民族村落发展的多重影响：A村落居民生活的变迁与延续

The Multiple Effects of Tourism Development on the Development of Ethnic Villages The Changes and Continuation of Residents’ Lives in Village A

乡村旅游开发通常是民族地区脱贫致富、走向现代化的有效路径,但旅游开发对目的地产生的影响也是多重、复杂的。文章以青藏高原东缘,川西北松潘县A民族村落旅游发展为人类学研究对象,研究发现对于旅游资源匮乏的民族村落,仅仅依靠外部投资者进行旅游开发和生产组织,难以促使村庄产生自我生产能力,一旦投资者撤出、或者旅游业受外部影响而衰落,对村落和村民生活的影响是灾难性的。旅游开发和知识教育同时实施才是推动民族村落脱贫致富的有效路径。

Rural tourism development is usually an effective way for ethic regions to get rid of poverty and become rich,but the effects of tourism development on the regions are multiple and complex.An anthropologic research has been done by taking the tourism development of Village A,an ethnic village at Songpan County in the northwest of Sichuan Province on the eastern edge of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau as the object,and it is found that it is difficult to promote the production capacity of villagers in the ethnic villages with scarce tourism resources by relying solely on the tourism development and production organizations with external investors,that is because once the investors withdraw or tourism declines due to some external influences,the impact on villages and villagers’lives will be disastrous.Therefore,the effective way to have the ethnic villages to shake off poverty and become rich is to improve their tourism development and education simultaneously.