“听觉”抑或“声音”——声音文化研究中的“技术”及“文化”问题

Auditory or Sound:Technology and Culture in Sound Culture Studies

声音文化研究以自然界的声音现象,以及人类对于声音的不同感受与接受形式为研究对象。目前,该研究大多沿着技术与文化两个路径展开。技术既外在地参与并促成新的文化样态浮现,又内在地参与新的文化制度构建。同时,特定时代的文化观念也在很大程度上决定了相关技术的应用价值。因此,声音文化研究不仅要从生活实践的角度对声音文本的不同样态进行历史的和审美的解读、从社会政治的角度揭示声音现象背后的权力结构分配,也需要从技术的角度对声音的"编码-传播-解码"相关过程进行分析。对于声音的技术路径与文化路径的研究各有其特殊作用不可互相替代。当下中国的声音文化研究,应打破诸如听觉/视觉、文化/技术、主体/客体、内在/外在等二元对立,努力走向多元共生的审美感性研究。

Sound culture studies,with natural sounds and different forms of people’s feelings and reception of sounds as objects,can be divided into technological and cultural groups.Technology not only externally facilitates the emergence of new cultural forms,but also internally constructs new cultural systems.In the meantime,cultural concepts in certain times also decide the application value of relevant techniques to a large extent.Therefore,sound culture studies should carry out historical and aesthetic interpretation of different states of sound texts in the aspect of life practice,reveal distribution of power structure behind sound phenomena from the perspective of social politics,and analyze the process of "coding-transmitting-decoding" of sounds in the view of technology.The studies from technological and cultural perspective are unique and irreplaceable The sound culture studies in present China should break the binary oppositions demonstrated by auditory/visual,culture/technology,subject/object,inherent/extrinsic,etc.and strive for the multi-cultural and co-existing aesthetic perceptual research.