宋代类书中墓志起源知识试析

A Preliminary Analysis on the Knowledge about the Origins of the Epitaphs in the Encyclopedias in the Song Dynasty

宋代类书可视为时人针对具体用途,根据一定的理念与逻辑,对既有知识进行的整合与编排。考察类书内容、体例及其编纂过程,可以帮助理解时人对各种事物的观念、知识及利用方式。在宋代类书中,关于墓志起源的知识,多来自唐人所编《炙毂子》、五代冯鉴《续事始》,但出于举办丧葬、应付举业等不同目的,其编排门类、文字节录亦颇有差异。通过类书编纂者对墓志的定义,可以看出宋人对于墓志起源的认知与今日理解有别。对宋人而言,志墓的作用较诸形制规范更为重要。

The encyclopedias in the Song Dynasty were compiled for contemporary concrete applications,following certain principles and logic to integrate and edit the past knowledge.By examining the contents,formats,and compiling process of the encyclopedias,it will be helpful to understand contemporary people’s ideas,knowledge,and usage of various things.In the Song encyclopedias,the knowledge about the origins of the Epitaphs mostly come from the texts such as Zhiguzi in the Tang and Xu Shushi by Feng Jian in the Five Dynasties.However,for different purposes of holding funeral rites and preparing civil exams,their categorizations and text excerpts are different.By the compilers’definitions of Epitaphs,it seems that Song people have different understanding on the origins of Epitaphs from today.For Song people,the functions of the Epitaphs are more important than the formats and standards.