语言的权力:福柯语言观探析——对《死亡与迷宫》的解读

The Power of Language:On Foucault’s Language Theory——Review on Death and Labyrinth

本文以福柯对法国作家雷蒙·鲁塞尔作品的文学评论《死亡与迷宫:雷蒙·鲁塞尔的世界》为依托,结合福柯《疯癫与文明》《词与物》《临床医学的诞生》等相关著作,集中讨论了体现在《死》中的福柯对语言、文学、话语及其权力的观点:文学作品及其评论作为一种解释本身所具备的待解释性;语言,尤其是符号指称性术语在诞生之初,侥幸在其中所起的基础作用;语言对物产生权力关系的程序和方式。本文目的在于通过对福柯文学时期著作的解读,探寻其在后期考古学研究转向中对语言、话语及其权力的持续关注的基础。

This article focuses on Foucault’s literature criticism Death and the Labyrinth:the world of Raymond Roussel on French author Raymond Roussel,then combines Foucault’s view in Madness and Civilization,The Birth of the Clinic,and The Order of Things.It considers Foucault’s research on language,literature,discourse,and power in Death and Labyrinth.It addresses three issues:literature and criticism as an explanation also needs to be explained;the fundamental function of chance in the process where language,especially the sign as signifying item was born;and the way and process in which language ordered the things.In addition,the aim of this paper is to demonstrate Foucault’s view on language,discourse,and power in his transfer to archaeology study,by reviewing the criticism written in his literature period.