中美战争题材电影文本的文化分析

A Cultural Analysis of Film Texts in Chinese and American War Films

文化分析理论对于解读电影文本的文化内涵具有极大的阐释力。文章基于英国伯明翰学派创始人雷蒙德·威廉斯的文化分析理论,从文化传统、价值观念、思维模式、行为方式四维度分析中美战争类型电影文本的文化内涵及其表达形态。四维度在文化分析时侧重于以下方面:文化传统维度主要从宗教信仰和伦理道德两个层面进行比较分析;价值观念维度主要分析“英雄主义”价值观和表达的差异,总结两国同类型电影主题表达的异同,并在此基础上探析两国战争题材电影文本意识形态的侧重点;思维模式维度主要分析“和合”思维模式和二元对立思维模式的差异;行为方式维度借助“凝视”理论,分析观众的“视觉快感”,解读中美战争题材电影文本中罪恶感转移和死亡的隐喻。基于中美两国战争电影文本的文化分析,反思中国战争电影文本创作的不足,意在借鉴美国战争电影文本的创作模式,创新文本创作内容,提升电影文本质量,丰富文本表达形态,提高中国战争类型电影文本的国际文化竞争力。

The theory of cultural analysis displays great explanatory power in interpreting the cultural connotations of film text.This essay adopts the founder of the Birmingham School in England Raymond Williams’s cultural analysis theory to analyze cultural connotations and their expression patterns of film text in Chinese and American war films from four dimensions:cultural tradition,value concept,thinking mode and behavior mode.In view of these four dimensions,these analyses focus on the following aspects.For the cultural tradition,it mainly focuses on the religious belief and ethics.In terms of value concept,it centers on the differences in values and expressions of“heroism”by summarizing the similarities and differences in subjects within the same film genre and based on them it analyzes the different ideological highlights reflected in film texts of Chinese and American war films.Concerning the thinking mode,it mainly analyzes the differences between“harmony”and binary opposition.Moreover,for the behavior mode,it applies the“gaze”theory to analyze the audience’s“visual pleasure”to interpret the guilt shift and the metaphor of death in Chinese and American war film texts.Based on the above analyses,this essay reflects the defects in the creation of Chinese war film texts to innovate its contents,to improve its quality,to enrich its expression forms and to enhance its international cultural competitiveness by referring to the creation mode of American war film texts.