当今语言规范观:中和诚雅

The View of Linguistic Specification Today: Impartial and Harmonious,Honesty and Pursuing Elegance

语言规范包括地位规范、本体规范、使用规范。清末民初,以北京话的语音和北方方言为基础的国家通用语就确定下来,语言地位规范工作完成;20世纪五六十年代,普通话的语音、词汇、语法标准基本确定,语言本体规范工作基本完成。文章构建并阐释适合当今社会文化语境的“中和诚雅”语言规范观,包括“中和”的语言本体规范观和“诚雅”的言语行为规范观。“中和”规范观包括“持中”的规范原则与“和而不同”的规范理念,即对新的语言现象要辩证看待,多一点包容。“诚雅”规范观包括“致诚”和“求雅”,这是当今语言规范的重点内容。“致诚”指不欺诈、不讲空话套话、不夸大化、避免低俗化,这是言语行为规范的低层次要求;“求雅”是言语行为规范的高层次要求,指语言形式上追求典雅精致,内容上追求人伦教化。

The linguistic specifications include status norms,ontology norms and usage norms.At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China,the national lingua franca based on Beijing dialect and dialects of Northern China was established and the standardization of linguistic status was completed.In the 1950s and 1960s,the pronunciation,vocabulary and grammar standards of mandarin were basically determined,and the specification of linguistic ontology was basically completed.This paper constructs and interprets the“linguistic specifications”of impartial and harmonious noumenon norms and honesty and elegant speech act norms.The normative concept of“Zhonghe”includes the normative principle of“being impartial”and the normative concept of“being harmonious but different”,that is,we should treat the new linguistic phenomenon dialectically and be more inclusive.The concept of“Chengya”includes“being honesty”and“pursing elegance”,which is the key content of today’s linguistic norms.“being honesty”means not to cheat,not to speak empty words,not to exaggerate,and avoid low vulgarization,which is the low-level requirement of speech act specification;“pursing elegance”is a high-level requirement of speech act norms,which refers to the pursuit of elegance and refinement in linguistic form and human ethics education in content.