个体道德态度养成的逻辑过程与现实过程探析

On the Logical and Practical Processes of the Cultivation of Individual Moral Attitude

个体道德态度养成的过程是逻辑过程与现实过程的统一。个体道德态度养成的逻辑过程按照主导因素的不同以及质的差异性,可以概括为起步、深化、成形三个逐次递进的阶段。道德态度的认知成分、情感成分、行为倾向成分在不同阶段起作用的程度和方式存在差异,每一阶段由一个因素起主导作用,并且不同阶段在自觉性、稳定性、内在性等方面表现不同。个体道德态度养成的现实过程与个体自身的发展水平密切相关,个体在身心发展的不同阶段,不仅道德认知能力、道德情感体验以及道德行为倾向等因素表现出不同特征,道德态度系统和价值系统也体现出由低水平向高水平发展的阶段性。个体很难形成超越其年龄阶段的道德态度,即使在同一发展水平,个体自身特征也会对这一进程产生影响。道德态度养成的逻辑过程与现实过程在实践中实现动态的、矛盾的统一,体现了一般性与特殊性、共性与个性的辩证统一。

The process of the cultivation of individual moral attitude is the unity of logical process and practical process.According to the different dominant factors and qualitative differences,the logical process of the cultivation of individual moral attitude can be summed up as three successive progressive stages:the starting stage,the deepening stage and the forming stage.There are differences in the degree and mode of cognitive composition,emotional composition and behavioral tendency of moral attitude at different stages.At each stage,one factor plays the leading role,and the cognitive components,emotional components and behavioral tendencies of moral attitudes vary in different stages.The process is closely related to the individual’s development level.In different stages of physical and mental development,individuals show different characteristics in such aspects as the moral cognitive ability,the moral emotional experience,the moral behavior tendency,etc.,and the moral attitude system and the value system also reflect the developmental stage from the low level to the high level.It is difficult for individuals to form moral attitudes that transcend their age;even at the same level of development,the individual’s characteristics can have an impact on the process.The logical and practical processes of the cultivation of moral attitude realize the unity of dynamic and contradictory in practice,embodying the dialectical unity of generality and particularity,commonness and individuality.