关于佛经结集史和佛经汉译史的几个关键问题

Some Key Issues Concerning the History of Buddhist Sutra Collection and the History of Chinese Translation of Buddhist Sutras

佛用梵文传过法。佛在世时已经有佛经存在。混合梵文不是一种独立的语言。天竺高僧所汉译之佛经必翻译自梵文佛经,西域高僧也是以天竺梵文佛经为最根本最可靠之依据。竺法兰所译之《四十二章经》为汉地见存诸经之始是可以接受的。佛是一个由音译发展而来的意译词汇。佛、塔、禅等等最常用的佛教词语都是由双(多)音节词向单音节词发展,总的趋势是向单音节词回归。属于中古汉语的汉译佛经之典范语言(不包括过渡性的翻译现象和翻译试验)是中古文言书面语而非白话书面语,属于中古汉语的汉译佛经之典范语言(不包括过渡性的翻译现象和翻译试验)也不是所谓的佛教混合汉语。所谓的佛教混合汉语只是暂时的过渡性的翻译现象和翻译试验,根本就不是一种语言。

Buddha passed on Dharma in Sanskrit.Buddhist sutras existed when Buddha was alive.Mixed Sanskrit is not an independent language.The Buddhist scriptures translated by the Tianzhu Buddhist monks in Chinese must be translated from Sanskrit Buddhist scriptures while the monks from the Western Regions also regard the Sanskrit Buddhist scriptures of the Tianzhu Buddhist monks as the most basic and reliable basis.It is acceptable that the Forty-Two Chapters of the Sutra translated by Dharmaratna is the beginning of the existence of the Sutras in Chinese.Buddha is a free translation word developed from transliteration.The most commonly used Buddhist words,such as Buddha,pagoda,Zen and so on,develop from double(multi)syllable words to monosyllable words,and the general trend is to return to monosyllable words.The model language of Chinese-translated Buddhist scriptures(excluding transitional translation phenomena and translation experiments)which belongs to middle Chinese,is the classical Chinese written language rather than vernacular written language.The model language is not the so-called mixed Buddhist Chinese,which is only a temporary transitional translation phenomenon and experiment,not a language at all.