地下商场火灾应急疏散策略仿真模型

Simulation model of emergency evacuation strategy during underground shopping mall fires

针对地下商场的火灾情形,运用系统动力学的原理分析人员疏散特征。将应急疏散过程分成相互联系、同时存在的4个子系统,即应急疏散动员、疏散指挥引导、疏散行动和疏散救护子系统。构建各子系统及整个应急疏散系统的因果关系图和人员应急疏散系统动力学模型,针对不同的动员效果、引导者数量、救护小组数量进行仿真实验,并提出相应的应急疏散策略。实验结果表明:应急疏散动员的效果、指挥引导者的数量和救护人员的数量在整个应急疏散过程中的前期对疏散效果的影响较为明显。

For the case of a fire in underground shopping mall,theevacuation characteristics were analyzed by the principle of system dynamics.The emergency evacuation process was considered as 4 subsystems which contacts with each other,namely the mobilization of emergency evacuation,evacuation command guidance,evacuation action and evacuation ambulance subsystems.The causality diagram and SD model of each subsystem and the whole emergency evacuation system was constructed and the simulation was carried out aiming at different mobilization effect,number of guides and number of rescue teams.The countermeasures were put forward.The results showed that the effect of emergency evacuation mobilization,the number of command and guide,and the number of rescue personnel have obvious influence on the evacuation effeet in the early stage of the whole emergency evacuation process.