历史城市中心区“人口疏解”问题刍议——考察山西大同的建设实践

POPULATION DECONCENTRATION IN THE CENTER OF HISTORIC CITIES: A STUDY ON THE RESTORATION PRACTICE OF DATONG CITY, SHANXI PROVINCE

针对历史城市中心区"人口疏解"的问题,选取典型案例山西大同,对其2008年以来开展的一系列规划建设实践进行了考察。在客观对比实践开展总体思路的基础上,逐层对大同历史城市中心区的功能空间调整、城区范围内人口迁移的特征展开分析,并将关键影响因素聚焦到各类公共设施(尤其是教育类设施)的外迁及其空间布局上。通过进一步剖析其内在逻辑,比较分析大同实践的创新与问题,文末提出两点总结性建议:(1)在涉及历史城市中心区的保护规划中,宜统筹并添加外迁各类公共设施的空间布局与疏散人口安置的两项内容;(2)为防止历史城市中心区出现人口过疏的问题,宜避免大幅度调整原有各类用地的配比,并对关键类别的用地设置预警值。

Based on a study of the restoration practice carried out in Datong City since 2008, this paper intends to discuss the recent hotspot issue of population deconcentration in the planning of historic city center. By comparing the original planning assumptions, the paper analyzes the functional space adjustment and the characteristics of population migration in the city center, and points out that the key influencing factor is the outward relocation and spatial layout of public facilities, especially the education facilities. By further analyzing the internal logics and problems of Datong’s practice, the paper puts forward two summary suggestions:(1) regarding the protection planning of historic city centers, it should add the contents about the spatial layout of various public facilities and the resettlement of the deconcentrated population;(2) to prevent the excessive loss of population in the historic city center, it should avoid the large-scale adjustment of the ratio of the various types of land use and set warning values for the key categories of land use.