新疆玛纳斯河中上游低山荒漠药用植物资源及多样性分析

Analysis of medicinal plant resources and diversity in low-mountain deserts of the upper and middle reaches of the Manas River in Xinjiang

通过对新疆玛纳斯河中上游天山北坡低山荒漠实地考察和植物标本的收集与鉴定,结合相关资料,确定药用植物种类,分析了其药用植物资源及多样性特点。结果表明:该区共有药用植物36科82属105种,其中裸子植物1种,被子植物104种。单种科19科19种,寡种科(15科)与多种科(菊科和藜科)共17科,86种(占81.89%),是科组成的主体。属的结构组成简单,仅有单种属和寡种属(2~5种)两种。生活型以草本(85种,其中多年生和一年生有77种)为主,占80.95%,木本(20种,含灌木11种,半灌木7种,乔木2种)占19.05%。生态型以中生植物(73种)为主,但旱生植物(32种)多为优势属种或建群种。植物的药用部位多样,主要有全草、根、种子、花、叶、果实、茎枝、根皮、嫩芽和树皮等15类,但集中于全草(63种)和根(19种),合计82种,占78.10%;该区药用植物功效丰富,有16类,以清热、解毒、利水逐水、祛风湿、止痛和止血功效为主。对该区药用植物应当减少采挖,重要和易危植物优先进行保护。

This study aimed to collect and identify the flora of upper and middle reaches of the Manas River in Xinjiang,and combine relevant data to determine the types of medicinal plants and analyze medicinal plant resources and diversity characteristics.The research showes that there are 105 species of medicinal plants belonging to 82 genera in 36 family in this area,including 1 species of gymno-species,the rest are angiosperms,nine species belonging to the country and Xinjiang's key protected and rare and vulnerable medicinal plants.There are 19 families of medicinal plants in this area,while there are 17 families(about half)in the families of oligospecies(15 families)and various families(Asteraceae and Amaranthaceae),but they have 86 species(accounting for 81.89%)that is the subject of the composition.The composition of the genus is simple,there are 67 genera in single species,Oligo species(2~5 species)15 genera.Life style is dominated by herbs(85 species,of which 77 are perennial and annual),accounts for 80.95%,woody(20 species,including 11 species of shrubs,7 species of semi-shrubs,and 2 species of trees)accountes for only 19.05%.The ecological type is dominated by mesophytes(73 species).However,most of the 32 xerophytic plants are dominant or constructive species.Medicinal parts of plants are diverse,there are 10 categories of whole plants,roots,seeds,flowers,leaves,fruits,stems,root bark,buds and bark,but they are focused on whole grass(63 species)and root(19),total 82 kinds,accounts for 78.10%;There are 16 types of medicinal plants in this area,the main functions are heat,detoxification,diuresis,rheumatism,topical,analgesia,and hemostasis.We should reduce the exploitation of medicinal plants in the area,protecting important and vulnerable plants in this area.