社会学中历史取向的复兴

Revival of Historical Orientation in Sociology

过去十年,可以观察到社会学理论思维中的一次重新定向。它的标志是强调社会过程、人的能动性和时间维度。社会现实的这些方面成了“新历史主义”或“历史社会学”所关注的中心点。随此新趋势的水涨船高,社会学与历史学的关系进入了第三阶段:在经过起初的敌意、尝试外部整合时对彼此的僵化认识之后,二者终于来到了一个内在整合的阶段。自19世纪早期欧洲社会学以及早期美国社会学典型的非历史主义以降,我们这门学科逐渐承认社会现象的历史协同性,并因此愈发感到社会研究中历史视角的必要性。此处把历史取向重构为一套假设,其中六个是存在论的,六个是方法论的,并且还要表明,该取向不仅对传统的宏观结构问题而言是一套富有成效的研究路径,而且对微观结构和微观过程领域而言亦复如此。

In the past decade,a reorientation in the theoretical thinking of sociology could be observed,which was marked by focusing social process,human initiative and time dimension.These aspects of social reality have become the core of"new historicism"or"historical sociology".With the oncoming new trend,the relationship between sociology and history has entered the third stage:after initial hostility and rigid understanding of mutually external trial integration,they finally come to an internal integration stage.Since the typical non historicism of European Sociology and American sociology in the early 19th century,our discipline has gradually recognized the historical synergy of social phenomena,and we felt the necessity of historical perspective in social research increasingly.This paper reconstructs the historical orientation into a set of hypotheses,six of which are ontological and six of which are methodological,and also shows that this orientation represents a set of effective research paths for traditional macro-structural problems,as well as for the fields of micro-structure and micro-process."The more sociological history is,the more historical sociology is,the better for the both of them."