两性离子聚合物的研究进展

Advances in Zwitterionic Polymers

两性离子聚合物是一类整体呈电中性,在同一单体侧链上同时含有阴、阳离子基团的高分子材料。因其水化能力强、生物相容性好等特点,在生物医药等领域得到了广泛研究和应用。本综述首先对两性离子聚合物的性质、分类、合成等方面进行了简单的概述;然后针对两性离子聚合物在防污涂层、蛋白质改性、药物递送、膜分离材料等4个方面的应用介绍其研究进展;最后对两性离子聚合物未来的发展进行了简单的评述和展望。

Zwitterionic polymers are those that have both cationic and anionic charged moieties on the same side chain maintaining overall charge neutrality.Due to their ultra-hydrophilicity via electrostatically induced hydration and excellent biocompatibility,zwitterionic polymers have been extensively used in biomedical research.In this review,we first give a brief introduction to the physico-chemical properties,classification and synthesis of zwitterionic polymers.Specifically,we summarize the recent advances of zwitterionic polymers in the following fields.(1)Antifouling coatings:Unlike traditional antifouling polymers,zwitterionic polymers generate a tightly bound and structured water layer around the zwitterionic head groups which offer better antifouling properties in complex environments.Moreover,the surface modification strategies are also discussed.(2)Modification of proteins:Zwitterionic polymers have been applied to the modification of various kinds of proteins to increase the solubility and stability,inhibit the aggregation,enhance pharmacokinetics,reduce immunogenicity and mitigate the bioactivity loss of proteins.(3)Drug delivery system:Due to their excellent hydrophilicity,biocompatibility and nonfouling properties,zwitterionic polymers have been used to increase the solubility and stability of drug carrier,extend the circulation time,and enhance the cellular internalization.(4)Membrane separation system:The fabrication and function of zwitterionic polymers in separation membrane are briefly discussed.Finally,we conclude with a perspective for the development of zwitterionic polymers in the future.