基于熵权-物元的水土资源生态安全探析

Analysis of Ecological Security of Water and Soil Resources Based on Entropy Weight-Matter Element

加强水土资源的风险管理对频频发生的土地污染、水质恶化等生态安全问题的改善具有重要意义。以中国的商品粮基地黑龙江省为例,通过改进物元可拓模型、熵权法以及构建DPSIR指标体系对区域水土资源生态安全进行研究。结果表明:2003—2016年黑龙江省水土资源生态安全水平整体呈先上升后下降趋势,可划分为2003—2008年(Ⅱ级危险)、2009—2012年(Ⅲ级敏感)、2013—2016年(Ⅱ级危险)3个相对稳定阶段。这一变化趋势主要是由于工、农业万元产值耗水量等指标状态逐年改善及农业用水比例过高与生态用水比例不稳定。状态系统与资源环境系统对水土资源生态安全影响最为显著,响应系统与社会经济系统安全值增长最显著。生态用水比例、农业用水比例、地下水开采强度等指标安全等级的降低阻碍地区水土资源生态安全建设,工、农业万元产值耗水量与农林水支出比例等指标安全等级的提升促进地区水土资源生态安全建设。

Strengthening the risk management of water and soil resources is of great significance to the improvement of the ecological security status such as land contamination and water quality deterioration.The ecological security of regional water and soil resources was studied by entropy weight method,improved matter model and DPSIR index system.Taking China’s commodity grain base Heilongjiang Province as an example,the results showed that the overall ecological security of water and soil resources in 2003-2016 was increasing first and then decreasing.The whole can be divided into 2003-2008(level II risk),2009-2012(level III sensitive),2013-2016(level II risk)three relatively stable stages.The main reasons were that the indicators such as the water consumption of ten thousand RMB output value of agriculture and industry had been greatly improved year by year,the proportion of agricultural water was too high,and the proportion of water for ecology was unstable.The state system and resource environment system had the most significant impact on the ecological security of water and soil resources,and the safety value of response system and social economic system was significantly increased.The reduction of the safety level of indicators such as the proportion of ecological water use,the proportion of agricultural water use,and the intensity of groundwater exploitation hindered the ecological security construction of water and soil resources.The improved safety level of indicators such as the water consumption of ten thousand RMB output value of agriculture and industry,and the proportion of agricultural and forestry water expenditure contributed the ecological security development of water and soil resources in the region.