自然崩落采矿法研究及应用

Research and Application Overview of Block Caving Method

自然崩落法是一种高技术含量的地下开采方法,在国外有较好的应用。为更好推广应用自然崩落采矿法,对自然崩落法进行综合评述,包括自然崩落法适用条件和优缺点,放矿理论、矿岩流动特性、放矿控制、放矿生产计划、放矿管理等方面,以及自然崩落法国内外的应用现状。可以得出:前期放矿理论研究,以矿岩流动概率密度函数和放出体形态为主,对矿岩流动过程中品位的变化考虑不足;放矿计划以均匀放矿为目标,没能实现日出矿品位均衡,放矿管理不能进行放矿反馈控制和主动控制。自然崩落法发展趋势是放矿过程考虑出矿品位均衡,使用数据库管理及系统集成,实现放矿可视化、信息化、智能化。

The block caving method is a high-tech underground mining method,which has been applied well in foreign countries. In order to better promote the application of block caving mining method,a comprehensive review on it is made,including its application conditions,advantages and disadvantages,ore drawing theory,ore flow characteristics,ore drawing control,ore drawing schedule,ore drawing management and other aspects,as well as its application status at home and abroad. It can be concluded that in the early stage of ore drawing theoretical research,the probability density function of ore and rock flow and the form of ore drawing body are the main factors,taking less consideration on the ore grade change in the process of ore and rock flow;It aims at uniform ore drawing in the ore drawing plan,which fails to achieve the daily grade balance of ore drawing,and the ore drawing management cannot approach the ore drawing feedback control and active control.The development trend of the block caving method is to consider the ore grade balance in the ore drawing process,and to use database management and system integration to realize visualization,informatization and intelligence of ore drawing.