金属矿山露天转地下开采的关键问题研究进展

Research Progress on the Key Problems in Transition from Open-pit to Underground Mining for Metal Mines

金属矿山由露天转地下开采后,露天边坡及周围岩体与地下开采组成一个复合的动态采动体系,其变形和力学行为极为复杂,局部呈现出典型的非线性特征,给矿山的地压管理与安全生产带来了严重挑战,一直是国内外科研工作者研究的热点。目前人们对脉状或者块状的铁矿、铜矿露天转地下开采技术已有大量研究成果,但由于各种类型矿山地质采矿赋存条件的差异性,加之露天边坡岩体与地下开采环境的复杂性和不确定性,人们对露天转地下开采后岩体的采动变形机理与力学机制依然缺乏科学的、定量化的分析和表达。本文在综合分析大量文献的基础上,从国内外金属矿山露天转地下开采矿山现状、露天转地下开采的平稳过渡问题、边坡变形破坏特征和失稳机理以及安全管控技术、地下开采对露天边坡的影响效应及作用机制、"露井复合开采"相互作用机理等几个方面对金属矿山露天转地下开采的研究现状进行了深入系统论述,同时展望了金属矿山露天转地下开采研究的发展趋势,为工程实践提供理论参考。

After the metal mine is transited from open-pit to underground mining,the open-pit slope including surrounding rock mass and underground mining constitute a composite dynamic mining system. Its deformation and mechanical behavior are extremely complex,and a typical nonlinear characteristics are presented at the local part,which brings serious challenges to the ground pressure management and safety production of the mine. This has always been a research hotspot for researchers at home and abroad. At present,there have been a lot of research achievement on underground mining technology of vein or massive iron ore,copper mine from open-pit mining. However,due to the difference in geological occurrence conditions of various types of mines,combining with the complexity and uncertainty of open-pit slope rock mass and underground mining environment,there is still a lack of scientific and quantitative analysis and expression on the mining deformation and mechanical mechanism after the transition from open-pit to underground mining. Based on the comprehensive analysis of a large number of documents,series of research issues are analyzed and demonstrated,such as the current situation of the metal mine from open pit to underground mining at home and abroad,the problem of smooth transition from open pit to underground mining,the characteristics of slope deformation and failure,the mechanism of instability and its effect and interaction mechanism with safety control technology and underground mining on open pit slope,and the interaction mechanism of open pit-underground composite mining. At the same time,the development trend of the research on the transition from open pit to underground mining in metal mines is prospected,which provides theoretical reference for engineering practice.