北极航道航行自由争端及我国的应对策略

The Dispute of the Arctic Passage Freedom of Navigation and the Countermeasure of Our Country

随着冰雪消融,北极航道通航区域逐步扩大,沿海国和其他国家就航行自由展开角逐,至今仍无定论。加拿大、俄罗斯辩称北极航道是其内水,实施排他性管辖,否认他国船只的无害通过权和过境通行权。美国则打着"航行自由"旗号,肆意游弋于北极航道,挑战俄加两国的管辖权。我国是近北极国家,是北极事务的重要利益攸关方,应积极参与北极航道治理,将北极航道定性为用于国际航行的海峡,证成北极航道军事演习具有非法属性及军事测量自由是相对性自由,对海峡沿岸国和使用国的权利义务越位进行矫正,合理限定"冰封区域条款"在北极航道的适用,积极参与北极航道开发利用和生态环境保护,打造"冰上丝绸之路"。

With the ice and snowin the Arctic Passagemelting, the Arctic Passagenavigatiogn areas are expanding gradually and coastal states and other countries are competing over freedom of navigation,however,no conclusion is drawn so far.Canada and Russia has declared that the Arctic Passage is their internal water and they exercise exclusive jurisdiction towards it and deny the right of innocent passage and the right of transit passage other countries’ ships enjoy. Under the banner of "freedom of navigation", American ships cruise in the Arctic Passage deliberately and challenge Russian and Canadianjurisdiction. China is a country which is close to the Arctic Passage and is one of the important stakeholders about the Arctic affairs,China should participate in actively regulating the Arctic Passage, regard the Arctic Passage as the strait used for international navigation, justify the military exercises in Arctic Passage are illegal and military measurement freedom is relative freedom, rectify the offside of the rights and obligations states bordering straits and user states enjoy and undertake, limit the application in the Arctic Passage of the Ice-covered Areas Article reasonably, join in the development and utilization of the Arctic Passage and ecological environment protection actively and establish "Polar Silk Road".