特种设备安全多中心协同治理模式研究

Research on polycentric synergetic governance model for special equipment safety

为提高特种设备安全监管效率,实现特种设备从“一元监管”到“多中心治理”的转变,运用多中心治理、协同学及熵的理论方法,构建特种设备多中心治理体系框架;分析政府、市场、社会3个主体的协同要素,建立特种设备多中心协同治理模型,并计算各治理主体的协同度。结果表明:社会公众的整体协同度最大,为0. 887,而政府的外部协同度最大,为1. 0,但整体协同度却最小,说明在当前治理体系下,政府依然是特种设备安全治理的关键,但需加强内部各业务部门的协调;企业应通过市场机制积极与其他主体合作;检验机构则要加快市场化进程,进而提高整个治理体系的协同度。

In order to improve the safety supervision efficiency of special equipment and realize the transformation from"one part supervision"to"multi-center governance",theories of multi-centered governance,synergetics and entropy were applied to establish the multi-center governance system framework.The synergistic elements of governance,market and society were analyzed and the multicentered collaborative governance mode of special equipment was established.Finally the synergy degree of each governance subject was given.The results show that the overall public participation degree is the largest(0.887),and the government's external synergy is the largest(1.0)but its overall coordination is the smallest.It indicates that under the current governance system,the government is still the key to safety management of special equipment,and it is necessary to strengthen the coordination of internal business segments.Enterprises should actively cooperate with other entities through market mechanisms,and inspection agencies must accelerate the process of marketization.This will improve the coordination of the entire governance system.