大型客车乘客疏散特性与制约因素试验研究

An experimental study on evacuation characteristics and restrictive factors for passengers evacuating from a motorcoach

为促进大型客车安全法规的制定与完善,提高客车安全设计水平,招募45名20~68岁的乘客在6种场景下进行整车疏散试验。首先,通过车载录像系统采集乘客疏散运动数据,对比分析不同场景下大型客车的宏观疏散性能;然后,利用方差分析获取影响乘客疏散的关键因素;最后,提取踏步前通道区域的乘客关键运动参数,构建速度-密度关系图。结果表明:后门开启场景中,乘客的疏散时间最长,为63 s;可用出口、疏散演习和车门开度显著影响乘客疏散效率;前后门踏步处乘客的平均速度分别为(0.93±0.31)和(0.90±0.31)m/s;在数值和变化趋势方面,速度-密度关系曲线均与经典研究结果相一致。

In order to promote the formulation and improvement of safety regulations of motorcoaches and improve its safety design level,an evacuation experiment with 45 passengers aged 20-68 was conducted in six scenarios.Firstly,evacuation movement data of passengers were collected with an on-vehicle video system and then macroscopic evacuation performances of motorcoaches in different scenarios were compared to obtain key factors that affect evacuation efficiency by using variance analysis.Finally,key movement parameters of passengers in aisles in front of stairs were collected,and velocity-density relationship was constructed.The results show that evacuation takes the longest time(i.e.63 second)in a rear door opening scenario,and available exits,evacuation drill and door width have a significant influence on evacuation efficiency.Furthermore,average speeds of passengers on the front and rear stairs are(0.93±0.31)m/s and(0.90±0.31)m/s respectively.Velocity-density relationship curve is consistent with related researches in terms of values and trends.