甲氧基丙烯酸酯类杀菌剂在我国的登记用量分析

Analysis on Recommended Dosage of the Strobilurin Fungicides Registered in China

旨在分析我国目前甲氧基丙烯酸酯类杀菌剂在登记推荐用量上可能存在的不足,为我国农药的减量提供建议。对目前我国农药信息网上公布登记的嘧菌酯、吡唑醚菌酯、醚菌酯、肟菌酯、啶氧菌酯、烯肟菌酯、烯肟菌胺、苯醚菌酯、丁香菌酯、氟嘧菌酯、唑菌酯等11种甲氧基丙烯酸酯类杀菌剂的登记信息进行查询,分别从登记剂型、作物、防治靶标等方面对这11种杀菌剂的登记推荐有效成分用量情况进行了统计分析;最后,挑选用量范围最大的3种有效成分、8种登记作物和8个不同防治靶标进行组合,并对可能的10种组合进行了数据分析。11种杀菌剂登记推荐有效成分用量最大为丁香菌酯悬浮剂防治苹果树腐烂病(1153.80 g/hm^2);推荐有效成分用药范围较大的是嘧菌酯防治草坪褐斑病(195.00~637.50 g/hm^2)和水稻纹枯病(52.50~499.88 g/hm^2),最高和最低有效成分用量分别相差3倍和9倍;相比其他甲氧基丙烯酸酯类杀菌剂,嘧菌酯和醚菌酯2种药剂在防治其他病害上的用量更大。未来农药的减施,应在农药最低有效剂量研究的基础上,推荐更加科学、合理的农药用量,建议优先选用有效成分用量较低的农药类型(包括推荐有效成分用量更低的农药剂型和生物活性更高的农药有效成分),并联合病害综合防治等手段,从而实现我国农药的合理减施。

The aim was to analyze the possible problem on the recommended dosage of the strobilurin fungicides,aiming to provide suggestions for the reduction of pesticides in China. For the reference at China Pesticide Registration Information Website of azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, kresoxim-methyl, trifloxystrobin, picoxystrobin, enestroburin,fenaminstrobin, difenoconazole, coumoxystrobin, fluoxastrobin, pyraoxystrobin of eleven strobilurin fungicides,currently registered in China, were analyzed from formulations, crops and targets, respectively. Further more, three active ingredients, eight crops and eight targets with the largest dosage ranges were selected for combination, and the data analysis was conducted on ten possible combinations. The largest active ingredient recommended dosage of eleven strobilurin fungicides was observed in coumoxystrobin suspending controlling apple rot(1153.80 g/ha). Azoxystrobin was found to have very large recommended active ingredients dosage ranges in controlling brown patch in a lawn(195.00-637.50 g/ha) and banded sclerotial blight in a paddy(52.50-499.88 g/ha). The differences between the highest dosage and the lowest dosage were three times and nine times, respectively. The recommended dosages of azoxystrobin and kresoxim-methyl were higher than that of other strobilurin fungicides in controlling other plant diseases. In the future, based on the study of the minimum effective dosage of pesticides, pesticides with lower dosage of active ingredients(including pesticide formulations with lower recommended active ingredients dosage and pesticide active ingredients with higher biological activity) should be strongly recommended for the reduction of pesticides. As the same time, integrated disease management(IDM) should also be considered for the reasonable reduction of pesticides in China.