水中影——王安石咏花诗的观看视角与禅喻美学

Reflection in Water:Perspective and Zen Aesthetics of Wang Anshi’s Poems on Flowers

王安石的咏花诗中有许多写到"水中影",营造出迷离而唯美的意境。后人多用"空中之音,相中之色"来形容王安石的诗歌的不可捉摸和难以寻绎。欣赏王安石的诗作,从好用对句到描绘水中倒影的诗句,这些细微的特征似是作者习佛悟禅渐渐深入其生命进程,而对"水中影"如此细小又专一的观看方式,成为王安石一种独有的审美观,使其诗句于精炼之外,还增添了某种距离与想象的美好。透过观看方式的探索,发现从六朝中齐梁诗人开始将这类可以作为佛教象征幻化的事物当作写作对象,刻意留心于自然界现象的审美角度,让"诗"构成一种追求如真似幻的唯美风格。此外,诗歌中对"镜花水月"等佛学譬喻加以诠释运用,可以衍生出文学美感。从王安石咏花诗中"水中影"这一细节阐发,有利于探究宋人对于荆公诗最真切的印象,追溯王安石与佛教之间的因缘。也可说明是因其思维和观看方式的变化,王安石才能创作出许多清新脱俗、深婉不迫的好诗。

Many of Wang Anshi s poems on flowers wrote about"reflection in water",which created a blurred and beautiful artistic conception.The later critics often used"music in the air;enjoyment in the heart"to describe the rich implications in Wang Anshi’s poems.Appreciation of Wang Anshi’s artistry in creating poetry,including the use of antithesis and the description of the water reflection,reveals subtle features about his understanding of Zen Buddhism and his unique aesthetic criterion.His refined poems reveal a beauty of distance and imagination as well as the style of the QI-Liang School,a mirror of an aesthetic style reflecting both reality and imagination.The poetic interpretation of such Buddhist metaphors as"reflection in water"will produce a kind of literary beauty.A detailed analysis of"reflection in water"in Wang Anshi’s poems on flowers can reveal the people’s true impressions of Wang Anshi’s poems in the Song dynasty,the relationship between Wang Anshi and Buddhism as well as the changes in his mode of thinking and ideas embodied in his fresh and refined poems rich in implications.