全球图景中的田园城市运动研究(1899-1945)(下):田园城市运动的传播、调适与创新

A Study on the Global Garden City Movement in the First Half of the 20th Century(Part II):Transmissions,Adaptions and Innovations of the Movement in the World

田园城市运动既是将田园城市思想迅速传播到世界各地的过程,也是不断修订、完善和扩充田园城市思想的过程。从全球范围而言,英美两国相继主导了田园城市运动。英国不但是田园城市思想的发源地,一战结束之前田园城市运动的规划思想和设计原则,标准和方法,无不惟其马首是瞻。一战结束后,由于社会主义运动和现代主义运动的迅猛发展,已失社会改良宏图、仅以物质环境建设为务的田园城市运动在欧洲大陆逐渐被边缘化,而在大洋彼岸的美国却出现了令人振奋的景象,不但突破了既有的田园城市设计框架,也推动了这一运动在非西方世界的传播和实践。在全球视野下,从较长时段比较研究不同国家和地区的田园城市运动发展路径的差别与原因,考察一种规划思想的传播、调整和接受的历史过程。

Garden City Movement has brought the Garden City idea over the world as part of public policy of each government,in the meantime,it has been the driving force to amend and enrich Garden City idea first proposed by Howard.On a global level,the movement was dom inated by Anglo-American planners.England was the birth place of Howard's Garden City idea,and many theories and design methods were formulated in Britain.The movement went out of fashion in the aftermath of World War 1,while American planners made innovative contributions to enrich the movement,which had equivalent tremendous impact on non-Westem countries.It also intends to compare various paths of the movement in different countries on a global scale in a longer period of time,and examine the historical processes of transmission,adaption and acceptance of a planning idea in many cultural contexts.