八仙花花芽分化形态观察及成花机理研究

Architectural Development of Inflorescence and Flowering Mechanism of Hydrangea macrophyflla

为解决八仙花修剪后开花量减少甚至不开花等问题,以八仙花‘经典红’为试验材料,利用扫描电镜定期观察花芽形态发育进程,在花芽分化后期将植物进行控温促花处理,观察其开花情况,分析温度对八仙花成花的影响。结果表明,八仙花的花芽分化过程分为营养生长期、花芽膨大期、分生组织分化期、花原基形成期以及花器官形成期5个阶段。经过不同时间低温处理的八仙花均能提前开花,但未经过低温春化的植物,花品质受到一定的影响。八仙花花芽分化与温度具有显著相关性,20~25℃开始生长点膨大,15~20℃进入分生组织分化期,10℃形成花原基,5℃形成花器官并打破休眠,整个过程历时约4个月。

The paper aims to solve the problem of almost no blooming flower or close flower after pruning on Hydrangea macrophyflla. The experiment was carried out on H. macrophyflla’Classic red’. The morphological development of flower buds was observed by scanning electron microscope. After completing the flower bud differentiation, the plants were cultivated to observe the floral development and bloom. The correlation between temperature and floral evocation was analyzed. The results showed that the process of flower bud differentiation was divided into five stages: the vegetative stage, inflorescence stage, meristem division stage, differentiation of floral primordia stage and differentiation of floral organs stage. H. macrophyflla treated at different times with low temperature could promote flowering, but the plants without vernalization had influence on the quality of flowers. H. macrophyflla completed the flower bud differentiation process for about four months, and the bud differentiation process had a significant correlation with temperature, the growth point expansion was at 20-25℃, the meristematic doms was at 15-20℃, the floral primordium was formed at 10℃ and the floral organs were formed and the dormancy was broken at 5℃.