小天体资源开发利用现状分析与发展建议

Status Analysis and Development Proposal on Small Body Resource Development and Utilization

随着航天技术的发展,人类对于深空正逐步从探测向应用转变。太阳系中数目众多、类型多样、资源丰富的小天体得到了越来越多的关注,小天体中蕴藏的水资源、金属和矿产资源都具有巨大的潜在开发价值。美国率先围绕着小天体资源开发利用开展了一系列的技术研究,并颁布出台相应的法律法规,为私人实体进行行星采矿提供了法律依据。在此背景下,众多商业公司也加入太空采矿的浪潮。本文从小天体的资源概况着手,对各国在该领域的技术发展和法律政策制定等方面进行分析,并对主要国家的小天体资源开发利用能力进行评估,最后结合我国的现状提出发展建议。

With the development of space technology, human beings are gradually changing from exploration to application for deep space. More and more attention has been paid to the numerous, diverse and resource-rich small bodies in the solar system. The water, metal and mineral resources contained in the small bodies are of great potential development value. The United States takes the lead in carrying out a series of technical researches on the development and utilization of small bodies and has promulgated corresponding laws and regulations, which provide legal basis for private entities to conduct planetary mining. In this context, a number of commercial companies have also joined the wave of space mining. This paper starts with the resource profile of small bodies, analyzes the technological development, as well as legal and policy formulation, of various countries in this field, evaluates the capacity of small body resource development and utilization of major countries, and finally puts forward the development proposal based on the current situation of China.