不同栽培模式下水稻产量差异的研究

Rice Yield Under Different Cultivation Patterns

为查明栽培模式对水稻产量的影响,采用田间试验方法,设置3个处理:插秧、撒播和条播,对其产量及其构成进行了测定,就不同栽培模式下水稻产量差异的原因进行了研究。结果表明,插秧水稻的产量(10390 kg/hm^2)要高于撒播(7790.7 kg/hm^2)和条播(9105.2 kg/hm^2),3种栽培模式下水稻的收获指数几乎没有不同(撒播、条播和插秧分别为56.5、54.7、53.9),而插秧水稻的地上部干物质量明显高于撒播和条播,更高的地上部干物质量使插秧水稻形成了更大的单位面积穗数和穗粒数,特别是后者较撒播和条播分别高39.0%和26.9%,其与水稻产量呈显著的正相关关系(相关系数0.795)。3种栽培模式相比,条播水稻的效益成本比最高,达到了2.52。总之,与直播(撒播、条播)相比,插秧水稻获得高产的根本原因是其具有更大的穗粒数,但考虑到成本投入,在实际生产中,条播水稻的收益更高。

The objective is to study the effect of cultivation patterns on rice yield.A field experiment was set up,and three treatments were transplanting rice(TR),broadcast sowing(BS),and sowing in line(SL).The yield and the yield components were detected.The reasons for the differences in rice yield under different cultivation patterns were investigated.The results showed that the yield with TR was higher(10390 kg/hm^2)than that of BS(7790.7 kg/hm^2)and SL(9105.2 kg/hm^2).The harvest index of BS,SL and TR was 56.5,54.7 and 53.9 respectively.The ground dry matter production with TR was higher than that of BS and SL,and the higher ground dry matter with TR contributed to more panicle number per unit area and more number of spikelets per panicle,especially the latter,which was 39% and 26.9% higher than that of BS and SL,respectively,and it had a significantly positive correlation with rice yield(correlation coefficient 0.795).The benefit-to-cost ratio was the highest with SL(2.52)among the three cultivation patterns.It suggested that the reason for higher yield with TR is the more spikelets per panicle than the direct-seeding methods(BS and SL).However,considering the cost input,the benefit of SL is higher in rice production.