油料作物对重金属污染农田土壤修复的研究进展

Oil Crops Remediate Heavy Metal-contaminated Farmland Soil: A Review

土壤是人类赖以生存和农业生产的重要物质基础,但随着社会经济的高速发展和人类生活强度的增加,造成土壤重金属污染问题突出,土壤污染面积不断扩大。植物修复由于具有经济有效,生态友好,成本低的优点,已成为当今环境科学领域的一个研究热点,采用油料作物对重金属污染的土壤进行修复,不但能有效的降低土壤中的重金属,而且又能维持土地的价值属性,带来一定的经济价值而且易于推广。笔者通过对常见油料作物修复重金属污染农田土壤的效果进行综述,并对油料作物修复土壤后植物残体的处理以及作物籽粒出油后粕饼的进一步处理和综合利用做了探讨,通过飞灰溶融处理技术对植物残体进行处理,既能有效避免重金属的二次污染,并且实现对资源二次利用的目的。最后对油料作物在重金属污染土壤修复中的研究做了展望。

Soil is of great importance to human through supplying agricultural products.However,with the rapid development of human activities,soil heavy metal pollution has become a severe problem,and the area of polluted soil is continuously expanding.Phytoremediation has become a research hotspot in the field of soil environment protection because it is cost-effective and eco-friendly.Remediation of heavy metalcontaminated soil using oil crops can effectively reduce heavy metals in soil,recover soil qualities,and provide some oil products.Also,oil crops as remediating plants are easy to be promoted among farmers.In this review,we described the remediation effect of commonly used oil crops on heavy metal-contaminated farmland soil as well as the techniques to deal with plant residues after harvest.The technique of fly ash melt treatment on plant residues could avoid secondary pollution of heavy metal,and realize the reutilization of resources.Finally,the research prospect of oil crops on restoration of heavy metal-polluted soil was discussed.