山丘型血吸虫病流行区生态养鸭灭螺法的灭螺效果评价

Evaluation on Effect of Ecological Duck Farming on Oncomelania Hupensis Elimination in Hilly Schistosomiasis Endemic Area

目的探讨山丘型血吸虫病流行区生态养鸭(将鸭按照一定的密度进行鸭舍饲养与在沟渠、河流、河滩地等自然环境放养相结合)的灭螺效果。方法通过绵阳市安州区人民政府对农户生态养鸭灭螺补助项目将117 000 m^2的有螺环境分为20 000 m^2的沼泽地,67 000 m^2的河滩地、30 000 m^2的硬化沟,每个环境中实验组和对照组各占1/2,进行系统抽样结合环境抽样法进行调查,调查钉螺的活螺密度。4个月后比较实验组与对照组活螺密度下降率,通过秩和检验,比较实验组与对照组活螺密度变化率差异有无统计学意义。结果实验组养鸭前活螺密度为2.49只/框,养鸭4个月后活螺密度为1.26只/框,活螺密度下降率为49.4%。对照组养鸭前活螺密度为2.48只/框,4个月后活螺密度为2.64只/框,活螺密度下降率为-6.45%。其中,沼泽地与河滩地养鸭组与对照组两组活螺密度差异有统计学意义(P<0.065),沼泽地养鸭前后活螺密度下降率为60.31%、河滩地养鸭前后活螺密度下降率为57.74%;硬化沟养鸭组与对照组两组活螺密度差异无统计学意义(P> 0.065)。结论血吸虫病防控中生态养鸭灭螺总体有效,从局部环境看,沼泽地、河滩地钉螺密度的下降效果明显,硬化沟渠不明显。

Objective To explore the effect of ecological duck farming(the ducks are fed in duck house according to certain density and combined with free-range in natural environment such as ditches,rivers and beaches) on eliminating Oncomelania Hupensis.Methods The study divided 117 000 square meters of Oncomelania Hupensis environment into 20 000 square meters of marshland,67 000 square meters of river beach,30 000 square meters of hardened ditch,according to the Oncomelania Hupensis Elimination Subsidy Project for farmers’ ecological duck farming launched by Anzhou District People’s Government.In each environment,each experimental group and control group accounted for 1/2.And the systematic sampling was combined with environmental sampling method to investigate the density of the live Oncomelania Hupensis.After 4 months,the density decline rate of live Oncomelania Hupensis in the experimental group and the control group was compared.Through the rank sum test,the study compared the difference between the change rate of live Oncomelania Hupensis density between the experimental group and the control group in statistics.Results In the experimental group,the density of live Oncomelania Hupensis before feeding was 2,49/box,and after 4 months of raising ducks,the density of live Oncomelania Hupensis was 1.26/box,with a decrease rate of live Oncomelania Hupensis density was 49.4%.In the control group,the density of live Oncomelania Hupensis before feeding was 2.48/box,and after4 months,the density of live Oncomelania hupensis was 2.64/box,with a decrease rate of live Oncomelania Hupensis density was -6.45%,The decrease rate of live Oncomelania Hupensis density after raising ducks in the marshland was 60.31%.The decrease rate of live Oncomelania Hupensis density after raising ducks in the river beach was 57.74%,There was a significant difference in the live Oncomelania Hupensis density between the experimental group and the control group in the marshland and the river beach(P <0.065).There was no significant difference in live Oncomelania Hupensis density between the experimental group and the control group in hardened ditch.Conclusion In the prevention and control of schistosomiasis,the ecological duck farming on eliminating Oncomelania Hupensis are generally effective.From the local environment,the effect of the decrease of live Oncomelania Hupensis density in the marshland and the river beach is obvious,but that in the hardened ditch is not.