营养管理对慢性肾脏病患者自护能力、营养状态及生活质量的影响

Effect of nutrition management on self-care ability,nutritional status and quality of life of patients with chronic kidney disease

目的探讨营养管理对慢性肾脏病患者自我护理能力、营养状态及生活质量的作用。方法选取该院2016年1月至2018年1月在该院接受腹膜透析治疗的96例慢性肾脏病患者作为研究对象。将入选患者分为对照组与观察组,各48例。对照组给予常规护理,观察组在对照组护理方案的基础上应用营养管理。护理6个月后,观察两组患者自我护理能力、护理效果、营养状态与生活质量的改善情况。结果观察组患者遵医用药、尿蛋白监测、饮食控制、规律锻炼、并发症预防护理、高低蛋白血症处理6项能力均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);观察组患者疲劳程度、疼痛不适程度、情绪不良程度、就诊次数、用药不良反应程度评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);观察组生理功能、社会关系及治疗情况各项目评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);观察组患者血清总蛋白、白蛋白、IgG水平均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05),观察组患者NRS-2002评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论营养管理能够有效提高慢性肾脏病患者的自我护理能力,对于患者的护理效果、营养状态与生活质量均具有明确的改善作用。

Objective To expolre the effect of nutrition management on self-care ability,nutritional status and quality of life of chronic nephropathy patients.Methods A total of 96 patients with chronic kidney disease who received peritoneal dialysis in the hospital from January 2016 to January 2018 were selected as subjects.The selected patients were divided into control group and observation group with 48 cases each.The control group was given routine nursing,and the observation group applied nutrition management on the basis of the nursing plan of the control group.After 6 months of nursing,the improvement of self-nursing ability,nursing effect,nutrition status and quality of life of patients in the two groups was observed.Results The patients in the observation group were better than the control group in 6 aspects:compliance with medical drugs,urine protein monitoring,diet control,regular exercise,complication prevention and nursing,and treatment of high and low proteinemia,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).The fatigue degree,pain and discomfort degree,the degree of emotional distress,the number of medical visits and the score of adverse drug reactions were all higher in the observation group than in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The scores of physiological function,social relationship and treatment in the observation group were all higher than those in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The serum levels of total protein,albumin and IgG in the observation group were higher than those in the control group,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).The NRS-2002 score of the observation group was lower than that of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusions Nutrition management can effectively improve the self-care ability of patients with chronic kidney disease,and has a clear effect on improving the nursing effect,nutritional status and quality of life of patients.