二孩家庭中出生顺序及年龄差与学龄儿童情绪行为的相关性

Impacts of birth order and age difference on the emotional and behavioral problems among children from two-child family

目的了解"二孩家庭"中出生顺序及2个孩子的年龄差距对学龄儿童情绪行为的影响,为父母更合理地生育和养育二孩提供参考。方法在广州市采用系统抽样方法抽取482名二至五年级来自"二孩家庭"的小学生(排除双胞胎)为研究对象,采用《Conners父母症状问卷》调查其情绪行为。结果长子女的品行行为、学习问题、冲动多动及多动指数得分较幼子女高,差异均有统计学意义(β值分别为-0.09,-0.16,-0.09,-0.10,P值均<0.05)。与长子女0~3岁的年龄差相比,6~<9岁的年龄差时长子女的品行行为和多动指数得分最高,差异均有统计学意义(β值分别为0.20,0.21,P值均<0.05);对于幼子女,不同年龄差间各因子得分的差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。结论 "二孩家庭"的学龄期儿童中,长子女的情绪行为状况较幼子女差。二孩间的年龄差对长子女有影响,但对幼子女无明显影响。

Objective This study aims to explore the influence of birth order and age difference on the emotional and behavioral problems among children from two-child family, so as to provide advice on parenting. Methods A total of 482 students in grades 2 to 5 from the 5 primary schools in Guangzhou were selected, all of whom came from two-child families(excluding twin children). Emotional and behavioral problems were investigated by using the Conner’s Parental Symptom Questionnaire(PSQ). Results Among children from two-child families, higher prevalence of behavioral problems, learning problems, impulsive hyperactivity and hyperactivity index in older compared with younger children(β=-0.09,-0.16,-0.09,-0.10,P<0.05). The scores of behavioral problems and hyperactivity index were significantly higher among those of children who were 6-9 years older than young siblings, compared to those who were 0-3 years older than younger siblings(β=0.20,0.21,P<0.05). No similar pattern was found among the younger siblings(P>0.05). Conclusion Among school-age children from two-child families, emotional and behavioral problems of the elder ones were more serious than the younger ones’. Age difference between siblings shows impact on the emotional and behavioral development among elder children, however no significant impact is noticed among the younger ones.