运动处方和手机APP健康教育对女大学生身体自尊及心理健康的影响

Effect of exercise prescription and mobile APP for health education on the physical self-esteem, and mental health among female college students

目的探讨运动处方锻炼和手机APP健康教育对女大学生身体自尊及心理健康的影响,为提高女大学生心理健康水平提供参考。方法采用分层随机整群抽样方法,采用身体自尊量表和心理健康量表,对铜仁市某高校大一到大三233名女大学生开展为期4个月的运动处方锻炼和手机APP健康教育干预,选取对照组女大学生246名进行干预效果评价。结果干预后,干预组女大学生的身体状况(14.82±2.37)、身体素质(14.36±2.42)、运动技能(14.11±2.54)、身体吸引力(15.33±2.86)、身体自我价值感(15.58±2.72)等维度得分均高于对照组(t值分别为4.87,4.51,4.65,4.67,4.10,P值均<0.01);干预组女大学生的躯体化(1.37±0.35)、人际关系敏感(1.73±0.49)、抑郁(1.67±0.49)、焦虑(1.47±0.46)等4项指标较对照组改善较为明显(t值分别为2.01,2.01,2.12,2.08,P值均<0.05);干预组女大学生的BMI[(22.38±2.82)kg/m^2]低于对照组[(23.57±3.08)kg/m^2](t=4.40,P<0.05),每次锻炼时间[(1.66±0.81)h]和每周锻炼次数[(3.61±1.74)次]均高于对照组(t值分别为-4.66,-5.28,P值均<0.01)。结论运动处方锻炼和手机APP健康教育能提高女大学生身体自尊和心理健康水平,增加锻炼次数和锻炼时间。

Objective To explore the influence of exercise prescription and mobile APP for health education on the physical self-esteem and mental health among female college students,and to provide a reference for improving the level of their mental health. Methods A stratified random cluster sampling survey was conducted in Tongren university among female freshmen and junior students. Physical Self-esteem Scale and the SCL-90 Scale were used before and after a 4-month exercise prescription and mobile APP for health education among 233 female college students. Results After intervention, the intervention group had significant higher scores in physical status(14.82±2.37), physical quality(14.36±2.42), motor skill(14.11±2.54), bodily appealing(15.33±2.86) and physical self-worth(15.58±2.72) compared with the control group(t=4.87, 4.51, 4.65, 4.67, 4.10, P<0.05). Somatization symptom(1.37±0.35), interpersonal sensitivity(1.73±0.49), depression(1.67±0.49) and anxiety(1.47±0.46) was significantly improved in the intervention group(t=2.01, 2.01, 2.12, 2.08, P<0.05). Body mass index(BMI)(22.38±2.82) kg/m^2 of the intervention group was lower than the control group(23.57±3.08)kg/m^2(t=4.40,P<0.05). The intervention group reported longer exercise duration(1.66±0.81) and exercise time(3.61±1.74) compared with the control group(t=-4.66,-5.28,P<0.01). Conclusion The exercise prescription and mobile APP for health education can improve physical self-esteem and mental health, reduce sedentary behavior and increase the exercise duration and exercise time among female college students.